Resolving the soft X-ray ultra fast outflow in PDS 456

Abstract

Past X-ray observations of the nearby luminous quasar PDS 456 (at $z=0.184$) have revealed a wide angle accretion disk wind (Nardini et al. 2015), with an outflow velocity of $\sim -0.25c$, as observed through observations of its blue-shifted iron K-shell absorption line profile. Here we present three new XMM-Newton observations of PDS 456; one in September 2018 where the quasar was bright and featureless, and two in September 2019, 22 days apart, occurring when the quasar was five times fainter and where strong blue-shifted lines from the wind were present. During the second September 2019 observation, three broad ($\sigma =3000$ km s${}^{-1}$) absorption lines were resolved in the high resolution RGS spectrum, which are identified with blue-shifted OVIII Ly$\alpha$, NeIX He$\alpha$ and NeX Ly$\alpha$. The outflow velocity of this soft X-ray absorber was found to be $v/c=-0.258\pm 0.003$, fully consistent with iron K absorber with $v/c=-0.261\pm 0.007$. The ionization parameter and column density of the soft X-ray component ($\log \xi =3.4$, $N_{\mathrm{H}}=2\times 10^{21}$ cm${}^{-2}$) outflow was lower by about two orders of magnitude, when compared to the high ionization wind at iron K ($\log \xi =5$, $N_{\mathrm{H}}=7\times 10^{23}$ cm${}^{-2}$). Substantial variability was seen in the soft X-ray absorber between the 2019 observations, declining from $N_{\mathrm{H}}=10^{23}$ cm${}^{-2}$ to $N_{\mathrm{H}}=10^{21}$ cm${}^{-2}$ over 20 days, while the iron K component was remarkably stable. We conclude that the soft X-ray wind may originate from an inhomogeneous wind streamline passing across the line of sight and which due to its lower ionization, is located further from the black hole, on parsec scales, than the innermost disk wind.

arXiv comment13 pages, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (64)

• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• On the Absorption of X-rays in the Interstellar Medium
• The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
• A Relationship Between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion
• Black Holes, Galaxy Formation, and the M_BH-sigma Relation
• Evidence for ultra-fast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs: I - detection and statistical incidence of Fe K-shell absorption lines
• AGN wind scaling relations and the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies
• A high velocity ionised outflow and XUV photosphere in the narrow emission line quasar PG1211+143
• The nature and origin of Seyfert warm absorbers
• The Ionized Gas and Nuclear Environment in NGC 3783. I. Time-Averaged 900 ks Chandra Grating Spectroscopy
• A Massive X-Ray Outflow from the Quasar PDS 456
• Chandra Detects Relativistic Broad Absorption Lines from APM 08279+5255
• Black hole feedback in the luminous quasar PDS 456
• The Suzaku view of highly-ionised outflows in AGN: I - Statistical detection and global absorber properties
• Black Hole Outflows
• A fast and long-lived outflow from the supermassive black hole in NGC 5548
• Evidence for ultra-fast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs: II - detailed photo-ionization modeling of Fe K-shell absorption lines
• Evidence for ultra-fast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs: III - location and energetics
• A soft X-ray study of Type I AGN observed with Chandra HETGS
• A Compton-thick Wind in the High Luminosity Quasar, PDS 456
• "Comets" orbiting a black hole
• The response of relativistic outflowing gas to the inner accretion disk of a black hole
• Confirmation of and Variable Energy Injection by a Near-Relativistic Outflow in APM 08279+5255
• The gentle monster PDS 456: the kpc scale molecular outflow and its implications for QSO feedback
• Chasing obscuration in type-I AGN: discovery of an eclipsing clumpy wind at the outer broad-line region of NGC 3783
• Evidence for a radiatively driven disc-wind in PDS 456?
• The origin of ultra-fast outflows in AGN: Monte-Carlo simulations of the wind in PDS 456
• Ultrafast outflows disappear in high radiation fields
• X-ray high-resolution spectroscopy reveals feedback in a Seyfert galaxy from an ultra fast wind with complex ionization and velocity structure
• Does the X-ray outflow quasar PDS 456 have a UV outflow at 0.3c?
• Short term X-ray spectral variability of the quasar PDS 456 observed in a low flux state
• A new relativistic component of the accretion disk wind in PDS 456
• The shocked outflow in NGC 4051 - momentum-driven feedback, UFO's and warm absorbers
• An extended XMM-Newton observation of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4051. I. Evidence for a shocked outflow
• Searching for Ultra-fast Outflows in AGN using Variability Spectra
• Multiphase quasar-driven outflows in PG 1114+445. I. Entrained ultra-fast outflows
• The nuclear environment of the NLS1 Mrk 335: obscuration of the X-ray line emission by a variable outflow
• Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. VIII. Time Variability of Emission and Absorption in NGC 5548 Based on Modeling the Ultraviolet Spectrum
• Discovery of Broad Soft X-ray Absorption Lines from the Quasar Wind in PDS 456
• Discovery of a Luminous Quasar in the Nearby Universe
• A study of the X-rayed outflow of APM 08279+5255 through photoionization codes
• Discovery of Relativistic Outflow in the Seyfert Galaxy Ark 564
• The Properties and the Evolution of the Highly Ionized Gas in MR2251-178
• The variable, fast soft X-ray wind in PG 1211+143
• Extreme X-ray variability in the luminous quasar PDS 456
• A new powerful and highly variable disk wind in an AGN-star forming galaxy, the case of MCG-03-58-007
• The XMM-Newton/HST view of the obscuring outflow in the Seyfert Galaxy Mrk 335 observed at extremely low X-ray flux
• A momentum conserving accretion disk wind in the narrow line Seyfert 1, I Zwicky 1
• Variability of the High Velocity Outflow in the Quasar PDS 456
• A rapid occultation event in NGC 3227
• The Ultra-Fast Outflow of the Quasar PG 1211+143 as Viewed by Time-Averaged Chandra Grating Spectroscopy
• Using principal component analysis to understand the variability of PDS 456
• Revealing the location and structure of the accretion disk-wind in PDS456
• Detection of high velocity outflows in Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 590
• Detection of a second high velocity component in the highly ionized wind from PG 1211+143
• A stratified ultrafast outflow in 1H0707-495?
• Relativistic components of the Ultra-Fast Outflow in the Quasar PDS 456 from Chandra/HETGS, NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations
• Discovery of an Ultraviolet Counterpart to an Ultra-Fast X-ray Outflow in the Quasar PG1211+143
• Remarkable Spectral Variability of PDS 456
• The evolution of the warm absorber reveals a shocked outflow in the narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 17020+4544
• Testing the blast-wave AGN feedback scenario in MCG-03-58-007
• The Variable Relativistic Outflow of IRAS 13224-3809
• X-ray flaring in PDS 456 observed in a high-flux state
• Resolving the X-ray obscuration in a low flux observation of the quasar PDS 456

Cited by in corpus (35)

• Ionized outflows from active galactic nuclei as the essential elements of feedback
• Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays -- SUBWAYS. I. Ultra-fast outflows in QSOs beyond the local Universe
• Extreme ultra-soft X-ray variability in an eROSITA observation of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0707-495
• Sensitive Chandra coverage of a representative sample of weak-line quasars: revealing the full range of X-ray properties
• Location and energetics of the ultra-fast outflow in PG 1448+273
• Tell-Tale Spectral Signatures of MHD-driven Ultra-Fast Outflows in AGNs
• The flaring X-ray corona in the quasar PDS 456
• Speed limits for radiation driven SMBH winds
• A Full Characterisation of the Supermassive Black Hole in IRAS 09149-6206
• Dynamical thermal instability in highly supersonic outflows
• Modeling Magnetic Disk-Wind State Transitions in Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• Detection of a Multi-Phase Ultra-Fast Wind in the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Mrk 1044
• Intermittent AGN episodes drive outflows with a large spread of observable loading factors
• The nearby extreme accretion and feedback system PDS 456: finding a complex radio-emitting nucleus
• The Extreme Super-Eddington NLS1 RX J0134.2-4258 -- II. A Weak-Line Seyfert Linking to the Weak-Line Quasar
• Scientific Objectives of the Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) Mission
• A New Emulated Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer Disk-Wind Model: X-Ray Accretion Disk-wind Emulator -- XRADE
• Magnetohydrodynamic Winds Driven by the Line Force from the Standard Thin Disk around Supermassive Black Holes. I. The Case of Weak Magnetic Field
• Magnetohydrodynamic winds driven by line force from the standard thin disk around supermassive black holes: II. a possible model for ultra-fast outflows in radio-loud AGNs
• The large-scale magnetic field advected in the corona of a thin accretion disk
• Strong and Rapid X-ray Variability of the Super-Eddington Accreting Quasar SDSS J081456.10+532533.5
• X-ray obscuration from a variable ionized absorber in PG 1114+445
• Unraveling the structure of the stratified ultra-fast outflows in PDS 456 with XRISM
• NOEMA spatially resolved view of the multi-phase outflow in IRAS17020+4544: a shocked wind in action?
• The stratified disk wind of MCG-03-58-007
• On The Fine Tuning and Physical Origin of Line-Locked Absorption Systems in Active Galaxies
• The dynamical structure of the outflows driven by a large-scale magnetic field
• The X-Rays wind connection in PG 2112+059
• The XMM-Newton and NuSTAR view of IRASF11119+3257. I Detection of multiple UFO components and a very cold corona
• A weakening Compton hump and soft X-ray excess detected in the Seyfert-1 galaxy MCG-02-58-22
• Modelling X-ray RMS spectra II: the ultra-fast outflow of PDS 456
• Black hole-galaxy co-evolution and the role of feedback
• Detection of an Unidentified Soft X-ray Emission Feature in NGC 5548
• Strong X-ray Variability of I Zwicky 1: Obscuration from Clumpy Accretion-Disk Winds
• Fast Outflowing Warm Absorbers in Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy PG 1001+054 Revealed by HST/COS Spectra