Magnetic susceptibility of QCD matter and its decomposition from the lattice

Abstract

We determine the magnetic susceptibility of thermal QCD matter by means of first principles lattice simulations using staggered quarks with physical masses. A novel method is employed that only requires simulations at zero background field, thereby circumventing problems related to magnetic flux quantization. After a careful continuum limit extrapolation, diamagnetic behavior (negative susceptibility) is found at low temperatures and strong paramagnetism (positive susceptibility) at high temperatures. We revisit the decomposition of the magnetic susceptibility into spin- and orbital angular momentum-related contributions. The spin term -- related to the normalization of the photon lightcone distribution amplitude at zero temperature -- is calculated non-perturbatively and extrapolated to the continuum limit. Having access to both the full magnetic susceptibility and the spin term, we calculate the orbital angular momentum contribution for the first time. The results reveal the opposite of what might be expected based on a free fermion picture. We provide a simple parametrization of the temperature- and magnetic field-dependence of the QCD equation of state that can be used in phenomenological studies.

41 pages, 12 figures, 1 ancillary python script, v2: one new figure, new reference, minor changes, v3: more figure panels, new references, volume dependence study extended, 1 formula in App C.5 corrected, minor changes

References in corpus (67)

• Gauge-Invariant Decomposition of Nucleon Spin and Its Spin-Off
• Neutron Star Structure and the Equation of State
• Full result for the QCD equation of state with 2+1 flavors
• Magnetic Fields in the Early Universe
• The QCD equation of state with dynamical quarks
• Is there still any Tc mystery in lattice QCD? Results with physical masses in the continuum limit III
• Cosmological Magnetic Fields: Their Generation, Evolution and Observation
• Chiral Magnetic and Vortical Effects in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions --- A Status Report
• FLAG Review 2019
• The QCD phase diagram for external magnetic fields
• A General Method for Non-Perturbative Renormalization of Lattice Operators
• Quantum field theory in a magnetic field: From quantum chromodynamics to graphene and Dirac semimetals
• Five-Loop Running of the QCD coupling constant
• QCD Equation of State and Hadron Resonance Gas
• Binary neutron-star mergers: a review of Einstein's richest laboratory
• QCD quark condensate in external magnetic fields
• "Strongly interacting matter in magnetic fields": an overview
• Full nonperturbative QCD simulations with 2+1 flavors of improved staggered quarks
• Short-distance constraints for the HLbL contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment
• Heisenberg-Euler Effective Lagrangians : Basics and Extensions
• The equation of state in lattice QCD: with physical quark masses towards the continuum limit
• B->pi and B->K Transitions from QCD Sum Rules on the Light-Cone
• The QCD equation of state in background magnetic fields
• Efficient magnetic-field amplification due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in binary neutron star mergers
• Renormalization and Running of Quark Mass and Field in the Regularization Invariant and MS-bar Schemes at Three and Four Loops
• Photon Distribution Amplitudes in QCD
• Partial Flavor Symmetry Restoration for Chiral Staggered Fermions
• Matching QCD and HQET heavy--light currents at two loops and beyond
• Magnetic field-induced gluonic (inverse) catalysis and pressure (an)isotropy in QCD
• Quark Mass and Field Anomalous Dimensions to $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^5)$
• Pion and photon light-cone wave functions from the instanton vacuum
• Three loop anomalous dimension of non-singlet quark currents in the RI' scheme
• Discrete Accidental Symmetry for a Particle in a Constant Magnetic Field on a Torus
• Vector Correlator in Massless QCD at Order O(alpha_s^4) and the QED beta-function at five loop
• The strong coupling from a nonperturbative determination of the $\Lambda$ parameter in three-flavor QCD
• Hadronic light-by-light scattering in the muon g-2: a new short-distance constraint on pion exchange
• QCD equation of state at nonzero magnetic fields in the Hadron Resonance Gas model
• Direct determination of the strange and light quark condensates from full lattice QCD
• Radiative transitions of $D_{sJ}^{\ast }(2317)$ and $D_{sJ}(2460)$
• Perturbative and nonperturbative renormalization of anomalous quark triangles
• Binary Neutron Star Mergers and Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: Effects of Magnetic Field Orientation, Equation of State, and Mass Ratio
• A critique of the angular momentum sum rules and a new angular momentum sum rule
• A new representation of the Adler function for lattice QCD
• Magnetic susceptibility of QCD at zero and at finite temperature from the lattice
• Paramagnetic squeezing of QCD matter
• Magnetic Susceptibility of the Quark Condensate and Polarization from Chiral Models
• Magnetic susceptibility and equation of state of N_f = 2+1 QCD with physical quark masses
• Chiral magnetization of non-Abelian vacuum: a lattice study
• Perturbative and Nonperturbative Renormalization in Lattice QCD
• B->gamma e nu Transitions from QCD Sum Rules
• The Chiral Magnetic Effect and chiral symmetry breaking in SU(3) quenched lattice gauge theory
• Quark-gluon plasma in an external magnetic field
• Transition form factors ${\gamma }^{\ast }\gamma \to \eta$ and ${\gamma }^{\ast }\gamma \to {\eta }^{\prime }$ in QCD
• Lattice QCD and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon
• Magnetic Susceptibility of Strongly Interacting Matter across the Deconfinement Transition
• Real-Time Thermal Propagators and the QED Effective Action for an External Magnetic Field
• Temperature Expansions for Magnetic Systems
• Landau levels in QCD
• Hadronic vacuum polarization and muon g-2 from magnetic susceptibilities on the lattice
• Thermal chiral and deconfining transitions in the presence of a magnetic background
• Singlet vs Nonsinglet Perturbative Renormalization of Fermion Bilinears
• Magnetic susceptibility of the quark condensate via holography
• Multidimensional spline integration of scattered data
• Non-perturbative Renormalization for Improved Staggered Bilinears
• Light Cone Condition for a Thermalized QED Vacuum
• A rigorous proof of the Bohr-van Leeuwen theorem in the semiclassical limit
• The Effective Action at Finite Temperature and Density With Application to Bose-Einstein Condensation

Cited by in corpus (35)

• Effect of the anomalous magnetic moment of quarks on magnetized QCD matter and meson spectra
• Short-distance HLbL contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment beyond perturbation theory
• Strong-Field Physics in QED and QCD: From Fundamentals to Applications
• Recent progresses on QCD phases in a strong magnetic field -- views from Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
• Semileptonic tau decays beyond the Standard Model
• Magnetic catalysis and the chiral condensate in holographic QCD
• Baryon electric charge correlation as a magnetometer of QCD
• Magnetism of QCD matter and pion mass from tensor-type spin polarization and anomalous magnetic moment of quarks
• Static magnetic susceptibility in finite-density SU(2) lattice gauge theory
• Anisotropic pressure of magnetized quark matter with anomalous magnetic moment
• Effect of a magnetic field on the thermodynamic properties of a high-temperature hadron resonance gas with van der Waals interactions
• Restriction on the form of quark anomalous magnetic moment from lattice QCD results
• Magnetic field dependence of nucleon parameters from QCD sum rules
• Overview of external electromagnetism and rotation in lattice QCD
• Magnetic catalysis and diamagnetism from pion fluctuations
• On electric fields in hot QCD: perturbation theory
• Spin Polarization and Anomalous Magnetic Moment in a (2 + 1)-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in a thermomagnetic background
• Thermodynamics of the system of massive Dirac fermions in a uniform magnetic field
• The Chiral Separation Effect from lattice QCD at the physical point
• On the absence of the Chiral Magnetic Effect in equilibrium QCD
• Detecting scale anomaly in chiral phase transition of QCD: new critical endpoint pinned down
• Thermomagnetic Properties of QCD
• Thermodynamics of Chiral Fermion System in a Uniform Magnetic Field
• External magnetic field induced paramagnetic squeezing effect in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC
• Steady electric currents in magnetized QCD and their use for the equation of state
• Spectral function for pions in magnetic field
• Fate of the first-order chiral phase transition in QCD: Implications for dark QCD studied via a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
• Preponderant Orbital Polarization in Relativistic Magnetovortical Matter
• Power corrections to the photon polarization tensor in a hot and dense medium of massive fermions
• Polarization Dynamics in Paramagnet of Charged Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Quark condensate and magnetic moment in a strong magnetic field
• Charged and Neutral ${\bar{B}}_{u,d,s}\to \gamma$ Form Factors from Light Cone Sum Rules at NLO
• Magnetodynamic Characteristics and QGP Energy Dissipation in RMHD Framework with Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Pion Decay in a Magnetic Field
• On electric fields in hot QCD: infrared regularization dependence