Thermodynamics of a deeply degenerate SU($N$)-symmetric Fermi gas

Abstract

Many-body quantum systems can exhibit a striking degree of symmetry unparalleled by their classical counterparts. While in real materials SU($N$) symmetry is an idealization, this symmetry is pristinely realized in fully controllable ultracold alkaline-earth atomic gases. Here, we study an SU($N$)-symmetric Fermi liquid of ${}^{87}$Sr atoms, where $N$ can be tuned to be as large as 10. In the deeply degenerate regime, we show through precise measurements of density fluctuations and expansion dynamics that the large $N$ of spin states under SU($N$) symmetry leads to pronounced interaction effects in a system with a nominally negligible interaction parameter. Accounting for these effects we demonstrate thermometry accurate to one-hundredth of the Fermi energy. We also demonstrate record speed for preparing degenerate Fermi seas, reaching $T/T_F=0.12$ in under 3 s, enabled by the SU($N$) symmetric interactions. This, along with the introduction of a new spin polarizing method, enables operation of a 3D optical lattice clock in the band insulating-regime.

arXiv comment10 pages, 5 figures

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• Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
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• Atomic clock performance beyond the geodetic limit
• Two-orbital SU(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth atoms
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• A Fermi-degenerate three-dimensional optical lattice clock
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• Observation of two-orbital spin-exchange interactions with ultracold SU(N)-symmetric fermions
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• Ultracold Fermi Gases with Emergent SU(N) Symmetry
• Degenerate Fermi Gases of Ytterbium
• Realization of SU(2)*SU(6) Fermi System
• Optical clock comparison test of Lorentz symmetry
• Expansion of an interacting Fermi gas
• Imaging optical frequencies with 100 $\mu$Hz precision and 1.1 $\mu$m resolution
• Laser cooling to quantum degeneracy
• Probing gravity by holding atoms for 20 seconds
• Suppression of Density Fluctuations in a Quantum Degenerate Fermi Gas
• Antiferromagnetic spin correlation of SU($\mathcal{N}$) Fermi gas in an optical super-lattice
• Emergence of multi-body interactions in few-atom sites of a fermionic lattice clock
• Production of quantum degenerate strontium gases: Larger, better, faster, colder
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• Entropy dependence of correlations in one-dimensional SU(N) antiferromagnets
• Adiabatic loading of one-dimensional SU(N) alkaline earth fermions in optical lattices
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• Degenerate quantum gases of strontium
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• Collective excitations in two-dimensional SU($N$) Fermi gases with tunable spin
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Cited by in corpus (39)

• Algebraic Theory of Quantum Synchronization and Limit Cycles under Dissipation
• Laser cooling for quantum gases
• Universal Kardar-Parisi-Zhang dynamics in integrable quantum systems
• Equation of State and Thermometry of the 2D SU($N$) Fermi-Hubbard Model
• Evidence for Bosonization in a three-dimensional gas of SU($N$) fermions
• Optimal Generators for Quantum Sensing
• Doubly Modulated Optical Lattice Clock Interference and Topology
• Pauli blocking of atomic spontaneous decay
• Structure of Spin Correlations in High Temperature SU($N$) Quantum Magnets
• The ${}^1{\mathrm{S}}_0$-${}^3{\mathrm{P}}_2$ magnetic quadrupole transition in neutral strontium
• Dipole-dipole frequency shifts in multilevel atoms
• Many-body Physics of Ultracold Alkaline-Earth atoms with SU($N$)-symmetric interactions
• Persistent currents in ultracold gases
• Resonant dynamics of strongly interacting SU($n$) fermionic atoms in a synthetic flux ladder
• Engineering infinite-range SU($n$) interactions with spin-orbit-coupled fermions in an optical lattice
• Probe for bound states of SU(3) fermions and colour deconfinement
• Itinerant ferromagnetism in dilute SU(N) Fermi gases
• Multivalent optical cycling centers in polyatomic molecules
• Fermionic matter-wave quantum optics with cold-atom impurity models
• Flat-band-induced superconductivity in synthetic bilayer optical lattices
• Interference dynamics of matter-waves of SU($N$) fermions
• High-fidelity imaging of a band insulator in a three-dimensional optical lattice clock
• A High-Power Clock Laser Spectrally Tailored for High-Fidelity Quantum State Engineering
• Coherent Three-Photon Excitation of the Strontium Clock Transition
• Exact one-particle density matrix for SU($N$) fermionic matter-waves in the strong repulsive limit
• Beyond universality in repulsive SU(N) Fermi gases
• Exotic quantum light-matter interactions in bilayer square lattices
• Transition from band insulator to Mott insulator and formation of local moment in half-filled ionic SU($N$) Hubbard model
• State selective cooling of $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ Fermi-gases
• Spectroscopic evidence for engineered hadron formation in repulsive fermionic $\text{SU}(N)$ Hubbard Models
• Disentangling Pauli blocking of atomic decay from cooperative radiation and atomic motion in a 2D Fermi gas
• Measuring densities of cold atomic clouds smaller than the resolution limit
• Photoassociative Spectroscopy of ${}^{87}$Sr
• Static impurity in a mesoscopic system of SU($N$) fermionic matter-waves
• Functional renormalization group equations for antisymmetric tensor field models at finite temperature
• Sub-Doppler cooling, state preparation, and optical trapping of a triel atom
• Hydrodynamic equations for a U(N) invariant superfluid
• Heuristic machinery for thermodynamic studies of SU(N) fermions with neural networks
• Impurity immersed in a two-component few-fermion mixture in a one-dimensional harmonic trap