Improved effective equation for the Rashba spin-orbit coupling in semiconductor nanowires

Abstract

Semiconductor Rashba nanowires are quasi-one dimensional systems that have large spin-orbit (SO) coupling arising from a broken inversion symmetry due to an external electric field. There exist parametrized multiband models that can describe accurately this effect. However, simplified single band models are highly desirable to study geometries of recent experimental interest, since they may allow to incorporate the effects of the low dimensionality and the nanowire electrostatic environment at a reduced computational cost. Commonly used conduction band approximations, valid for bulk materials, greatly underestimate the SO coupling in Zinc-blende crystal structures and overestimate it for Wurtzite ones when applied to finite cross-section wires, where confinement effects turn out to play an important role. We demonstrate here that an effective equation for the linear Rashba SO coupling of the semiconductor conduction band can reproduce the behavior of more sophisticated eight-band k$\cdot$p model calculations. This is achieved by adjusting a single effective parameter that depends on the nanowire crystal structure and its chemical composition. We further compare our results to the Rashba coupling extracted from magnetoconductance measurements in several experiments on InAs and InSb nanowires, finding excellent agreement. This approach may be relevant in systems where Rashba coupling is known to play a major role, such as in spintronic devices or Majorana nanowires.

arXiv comment26 pages, 9 figures. v3: final version with new figures and new discussion of confinement effects

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• Theory of Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon analogs in full-shell hybrid nanowires
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• Fluxoid-induced pairing suppression and near-zero modes in quantum dots coupled to full-shell nanowires
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• Electrical tuning of the spin-orbit interaction in nanowire by transparent ZnO gate grown by atomic layer deposition
• InP/GaSb core-shell nanowires: a novel hole-based platform with strong spin-orbit coupling for full-shell hybrid devices
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