Determination of the trigonal warping orientation in Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene via scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract

The existence of strong trigonal warping around the K point for the low energy electronic states in multilayer (N$\ge$2) graphene films and graphite is well established. It is responsible for phenomena such as Lifshitz transitions and anisotropic ballistic transport. The absolute orientation of the trigonal warping with respect to the center of the Brillouin zone is however not agreed upon. Here, we use quasiparticle scattering experiments on a gated bilayer graphene/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructure to settle this disagreement. We compare Fourier transforms of scattering interference maps acquired at various energies away from the charge neutrality point with tight-binding-based joint density of states simulations. This comparison enables unambiguous determination of the trigonal warping orientation for bilayer graphene low energy states. Our experimental technique is promising for quasi-directly studying fine features of the band structure of gated two-dimensional materials such as topological transitions, interlayer hybridization, and moiré minibands.

Accepted in Phys. Rev. B

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• Spectroscopic visualization of flat bands in magic-angle twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene: localization-delocalization coexisting electronic states
• Direct Visualization of Native Defects in Graphite and Their Effect on the Electronic Properties of Bernal-Stacked Bilayer Graphene
• Evidence of Lifshitz transition in thermoelectric power of ultrahigh mobility bilayer graphene
• Full Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure parametrization of few-layer twistronic graphene
• Sublattice dependence and gate-tunability of midgap and resonant states induced by native dopants in Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene
• Quasiparticle interference patterns in bilayer graphene with trigonal warping
• Theory of ARPES in Graphene-Based Moiré Superlattices
• Electrically tunable and reversible magnetoelectric coupling in strained bilayer graphene
• Switching spin filling sequence in a bilayer graphene quantum dot through trigonal warping
• Probing the Anisotropic Fermi Surface in Tetralayer Graphene via Transverse Magnetic Focusing
• Optical Properties of Gated Bilayer Graphene Quantum Dots with Trigonal Warping
• Surface states and quasiparticle interference in Bernal and rhombohedral graphite with and without trigonal warping