A tale of two clusters: dynamical history determines disc survival in Tr14 and Tr16 in the Carina Nebula

Abstract

Understanding how the birthplace of stars affects planet-forming discs is important for a comprehensive theory of planet formation. Most stars are born in dense star-forming regions where the external influence of other stars, particularly the most massive stars, will affect the survival and enrichment of their planet-forming discs. Simulations suggest that stellar dynamics play a central role in regulating how external feedback affects discs, but comparing models to observations requires an estimate of the initial stellar density in star-forming regions. Structural analyses constrain the amount of dynamical evolution a star-forming region has experienced; regions that maintain substructure and do not show mass segregation are likely dynamically young, and therefore close to their birth density. In this paper, we present a structural analysis of two clusters in the Carina Nebula, Tr14 and Tr16. We show that neither cluster shows evidence for mass segregation or a centrally concentrated morphology, suggesting that both regions are dynamically young. This allows us to compare to simulations from Nicholson et al. (2019) who predict disc survival rates in star-forming regions of different initial densities. The surviving disc fractions in Tr14 and Tr16 are consistent with their predictions (both are $\sim 10$%), supporting a growing body of evidence that the star-forming environment plays an important role in the survival and enrichment of protoplanetary discs.

arXiv commentMNRAS, accepted

References in corpus (93)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• Embedded Clusters in Molecular Clouds
• Disk Frequencies and Lifetimes in Young Clusters
• Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution
• Planet Occurrence within 0.25 AU of Solar-type Stars from Kepler
• The Formation of Massive Stars from Turbulent Cores
• The Occurrence Rate of Small Planets around Small Stars
• Competitive accretion in embedded stellar cluster
• Photoevaporation of Circumstellar Disks due to External FUV Radiation in Stellar Aggregates
• The nucleosynthesis of Al26 and Fe60 in solar metallicity stars extending in mass from 11 to 120 Msun: the hydrostatic and explosive contributions
• On the fraction of star formation occurring in bound stellar clusters
• A comprehensive set of simulations studying the influence of gas expulsion on star cluster evolution
• Gas expulsion and the destruction of massive young clusters
• Kinematics in Young Star Clusters and Associations with Gaia DR2
• The statistical Analysis of Star Clusters
• An ALMA Survey of Protoplanetary Disks in the $\sigma$ Orionis Cluster
• The maximum stellar mass, star-cluster formation and composite stellar populations
• A stellar-mass-dependent drop in planet occurrence rates
• Early Evolution of Stellar Groups and Clusters: Environmental Effects on Forming Planetary Systems
• The Structure of the Homunculus: I. Shape and Latitude Dependence from H2 and [Fe II] Velocity Maps of Eta Carinae
• Using the minimum spanning tree to trace mass segregation
• Destruction of protoplanetary disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster
• Stellar Feedback in Molecular Clouds and its Influence on the Mass Function of Young Star Clusters
• The dynamical evolution of fractal star clusters: the survival of substructure
• The Photoevaporation of Discs Around Young Stars in Massive Clusters
• A Census of the Carina Nebula. I: Cumulative Energy Input from Massive Stars
• Protoplanetary disc truncation mechanisms in stellar clusters: comparing external photoevaporation and tidal encounters
• Accretion disks in luminous young stellar objects
• The early dynamical evolution of cool, clumpy star clusters
• Dynamical evolution of star forming regions
• Constraints on the Birth Aggregate of the Solar System
• Kinematics of the Orion Nebula Cluster: Velocity Substructure and Spectroscopic Binaries
• The Spatial Structure of Young Stellar Clusters. I. Subclusters
• Kinematic Structure of the Orion Nebula Cluster and its Surroundings
• Residual gas expulsion from young globular clusters
• Protoplanetary Disk Properties in the Orion Nebula Cluster: Initial Results from Deep, High-Resolution ALMA Observations
• A Keplerian-like disk around the forming O-type star AFGL 4176
• Do O-stars form in isolation?
• A Pan-Carina YSO Catalog: Intermediate-Mass Young Stellar Objects in the Carina Nebula Identified Via Mid-Infrared Excess Emission
• ALMA Observations of the Orion Proplyds
• An Introduction to the Chandra Carina Complex Project
• Circumstellar Disk Lifetimes In Numerous Galactic Young Stellar Clusters
• Constraints on Massive Star Formation: Cygnus OB2 was always an Association
• Radioactive nuclei from cosmochronology to habitability
• SPITZER/IRAC-MIPS Survey of NGC2244: Protostellar Disk Survival in the Vicinity of Hot Stars
• Can photo-evaporation trigger planetesimal formation?
• UV Radiation Fields Produced by Young Embedded Star Clusters
• IN-SYNC II: Virial Stars from Sub-Virial Cores -- The Velocity Dispersion of Embedded Pre-Main-Sequence Stars in NGC 1333
• On the Similarity between Cluster and Galactic Stellar Initial Mass Functions
• The effects of dynamical interactions on planets in young substructured star clusters
• Spatial Distributions of Young Stars
• Correlation between the spatial distribution of the circumstellar disks and the massive stars in the open cluster NGC 6611. Compiled catalog and cluster parameters
• A Submillimeter Array Survey of Protoplanetary Disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster
• Age Gradients in the Stellar Populations of Massive Star Forming Regions Based on a New Stellar Chronometer
• Cygnus OB2 DANCe: A high precision proper motion study of the Cygnus OB2 association
• Distance and the Initial Mass Function of Young Open Clusters In The Eta Carina Nebula: Tr 14 and Tr 16
• Characterizing the dynamical state of star clusters from snapshots of their spatial distributions
• Deep wide-field near-infrared survey of the Carina Nebula
• Near-Infrared properties of the X-ray emitting young stellar objects in the Carina Nebula
• Not all stars form in clusters - measuring the kinematics of OB associations with $Gaia$
• A MAD view of Trumpler 14
• Herschel far-infrared observations of the Carina Nebula complex I: Introduction and global cloud structure
• Chasing discs around O-type (proto)stars - ALMA evidence for an SiO disc and disc wind from G17.64+0.16
• Using population synthesis of massive stars to study the interstellar medium near OB associations
• Global mass segregation in hydrodynamical simulations of star formation
• Dynamics versus structure: breaking the density degeneracy in star formation
• Disk Evolution in OB Associations - Deep Spitzer/IRAC Observations of IC 1795
• IN-SYNC. V. Stellar kinematics and dynamics in the Orion A Molecular Cloud
• Comparisons between different techniques for measuring mass segregation
• Isotopic enrichment of forming planetary systems from supernova pollution
• A Chandra ACIS Study of the Young Star Cluster Trumpler 15 in Carina and Correlation with Near-infrared Sources
• Where can a Trappist-1 planetary system be produced?
• The Chandra Carina Complex Project View of Trumpler 16
• The Spatial Structure of Young Stellar Clusters. III. Physical Properties and Evolutionary States
• The double population of Chamaeleon I detected by Gaia DR2
• The Gaia DR2 view of the Gamma Velorum cluster: resolving the 6D structure
• No evidence for protoplanetary disk destruction by OB stars in the MYStIX sample
• On the spatial distributions of dense cores in Orion B
• The Spatial Evolution of Young Massive Clusters I. A New Tool to Quantitatively Trace Stellar Clustering
• A Catalog of New Spectroscopically Confirmed Massive OB Stars in Carina
• Statistical comparison of clouds and star clusters
• Gaia-ESO Survey: global properties of clusters Trumpler 14 and 16 in the Carina Nebula
• A search for mass segregation of stars and brown dwarfs in ρ Ophiuchi
• Energetic feedback and ${}^{26}$Al from massive stars and their supernovae in the Carina region
• Supernova enrichment of planetary systems in low-mass star clusters
• Unveiling a cluster of protostellar disks around the massive protostar GGD27 MM1
• ${\mathcal{Q}}^{+}$: Characterising the structure of young star clusters
• The Dynamics, Structure, and Fate of a Young Cluster During Gas Dispersal: Hectoschelle, Chandra, Spitzer, and Gaia Observations of CepOB3b
• Rapid dynamical mass segregation and properties of fractal star clusters
• Multiple kinematical populations in Vela OB2 from Gaia DR1 data
• Modelling the structure of star clusters with fractional Brownian motion
• The Carina Nebula: A Laboratory for Feedback and Triggered Star Formation
• No preferential spatial distribution for massive stars expected from their formation

Cited by in corpus (14)

• OB associations and their origins
• The evolution of protoplanetary discs in star formation and feedback simulations
• Proplyds in the Flame Nebula NGC 2024
• Planet formation via pebble accretion in externally photoevaporating discs
• The Villafranca catalog of Galactic OB groups: I. Systems with O2-O3.5 stars
• Unlocking Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars with $\text{Gaia}$ DR2 II: Cluster and Association membership
• Dispersal timescale of protoplanetary disks in the low-metallicity young cluster Dolidze 25
• Observational constraints on the likelihood of ${}^{26}$Al in planet-forming environments
• S2D2: Small-scale Significant substructure DBSCAN Detection I. NESTs detection in 2D star-forming regions
• Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey of Cygnus OB2 Complex -- I: Introduction, Photometry and Source Catalog
• Illuminating a tadpole's metamorphosis II: observing the on-going transformation with ALMA
• Short-lived radioisotope enrichment in star-forming regions from stellar winds and supernovae
• Dispersal of protoplanetary discs: How stellar properties and the local environment determine the pathway of evolution
• Star Forming Regions