A tale of two clusters: dynamical history determines disc survival in Tr14 and Tr16 in the Carina Nebula

Abstract

Understanding how the birthplace of stars affects planet-forming discs is important for a comprehensive theory of planet formation. Most stars are born in dense star-forming regions where the external influence of other stars, particularly the most massive stars, will affect the survival and enrichment of their planet-forming discs. Simulations suggest that stellar dynamics play a central role in regulating how external feedback affects discs, but comparing models to observations requires an estimate of the initial stellar density in star-forming regions. Structural analyses constrain the amount of dynamical evolution a star-forming region has experienced; regions that maintain substructure and do not show mass segregation are likely dynamically young, and therefore close to their birth density. In this paper, we present a structural analysis of two clusters in the Carina Nebula, Tr14 and Tr16. We show that neither cluster shows evidence for mass segregation or a centrally concentrated morphology, suggesting that both regions are dynamically young. This allows us to compare to simulations from Nicholson et al. (2019) who predict disc survival rates in star-forming regions of different initial densities. The surviving disc fractions in Tr14 and Tr16 are consistent with their predictions (both are $\sim 10$%), supporting a growing body of evidence that the star-forming environment plays an important role in the survival and enrichment of protoplanetary discs.

MNRAS, accepted

References in corpus (28)

• The nucleosynthesis of Al26 and Fe60 in solar metallicity stars extending in mass from 11 to 120 Msun: the hydrostatic and explosive contributions
• A comprehensive set of simulations studying the influence of gas expulsion on star cluster evolution
• Gas expulsion and the destruction of massive young clusters
• A stellar-mass-dependent drop in planet occurrence rates
• Using the minimum spanning tree to trace mass segregation
• The Photoevaporation of Discs Around Young Stars in Massive Clusters
• The Spatial Structure of Young Stellar Clusters. I. Subclusters
• Kinematic Structure of the Orion Nebula Cluster and its Surroundings
• Do O-stars form in isolation?
• ALMA Observations of the Orion Proplyds
• UV Radiation Fields Produced by Young Embedded Star Clusters
• IN-SYNC II: Virial Stars from Sub-Virial Cores -- The Velocity Dispersion of Embedded Pre-Main-Sequence Stars in NGC 1333
• On the Similarity between Cluster and Galactic Stellar Initial Mass Functions
• Spatial Distributions of Young Stars
• Correlation between the spatial distribution of the circumstellar disks and the massive stars in the open cluster NGC 6611. Compiled catalog and cluster parameters
• Age Gradients in the Stellar Populations of Massive Star Forming Regions Based on a New Stellar Chronometer
• Not all stars form in clusters - measuring the kinematics of OB associations with $Gaia$
• Dynamics versus structure: breaking the density degeneracy in star formation
• Comparisons between different techniques for measuring mass segregation
• Isotopic enrichment of forming planetary systems from supernova pollution
• The Spatial Evolution of Young Massive Clusters I. A New Tool to Quantitatively Trace Stellar Clustering
• A Catalog of New Spectroscopically Confirmed Massive OB Stars in Carina
• Supernova enrichment of planetary systems in low-mass star clusters
• ${\mathcal{Q}}^{+}$: Characterising the structure of young star clusters
• Unveiling a cluster of protostellar disks around the massive protostar GGD27 MM1
• Multiple kinematical populations in Vela OB2 from Gaia DR1 data
• The Carina Nebula: A Laboratory for Feedback and Triggered Star Formation
• No preferential spatial distribution for massive stars expected from their formation

Cited by in corpus (12)

• OB associations and their origins
• The evolution of protoplanetary discs in star formation and feedback simulations
• Proplyds in the Flame Nebula NGC 2024
• Planet formation via pebble accretion in externally photoevaporating discs
• Unlocking Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars with $\text{Gaia}$ DR2 II: Cluster and Association membership
• Observational constraints on the likelihood of ${}^{26}$Al in planet-forming environments
• S2D2: Small-scale Significant substructure DBSCAN Detection I. NESTs detection in 2D star-forming regions
• Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey of Cygnus OB2 Complex -- I: Introduction, Photometry and Source Catalog
• Illuminating a tadpole's metamorphosis II: observing the on-going transformation with ALMA
• Short-lived radioisotope enrichment in star-forming regions from stellar winds and supernovae
• Star Forming Regions
• Dispersal of protoplanetary discs: How stellar properties and the local environment determine the pathway of evolution