Gaia-ESO Survey: global properties of clusters Trumpler 14 and 16 in the Carina Nebula

Abstract

We present the first extensive spectroscopic study of the global population in star clusters Trumpler~16, Trumpler~14 and Collinder~232 in the Carina Nebula, using data from the Gaia-ESO Survey, down to solar-mass stars. In addition to the standard homogeneous Survey data reduction, a special processing was applied here because of the bright nebulosity surrounding Carina stars. We find about four hundred good candidate members ranging from OB types down to slightly sub-solar masses. About one-hundred heavily-reddened early-type Carina members found here were previously unrecognized or poorly classified, including two candidate O stars and several candidate Herbig Ae/Be stars. Their large brightness makes them useful tracers of the obscured Carina population. The spectroscopically-derived temperatures for nearly 300 low-mass members allows the inference of individual extinction values, and the study of the relative placement of stars along the line of sight. We find a complex spatial structure, with definite clustering of low-mass members around the most massive stars, and spatially-variable extinction. By combining the new data with existing X-ray data we obtain a more complete picture of the three-dimensional spatial structure of the Carina clusters, and of their connection to bright and dark nebulosity, and UV sources. The identification of tens of background giants enables us also to determine the total optical depth of the Carina nebula along many sightlines. We are also able to put constraints on the star-formation history of the region, with Trumpler~14 stars found to be systematically younger than stars in other sub-clusters. We find a large percentage of fast-rotating stars among Carina solar-mass members, which provide new constraints on the rotational evolution of pre-main-sequence stars in this mass range.

35 pages, 9 Tables, 23 figures. Accepted for journal Astronomy and Astrophysics

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• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Target selection of open cluster stars
• The Villafranca catalog of Galactic OB groups: I. Systems with O2-O3.5 stars
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: age spread in the star forming region NGC6530 from the HR diagram and gravity indicators
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• A Gaia view of the two OB associations Cygnus OB2 and Carina OB1: The signature of their formation process
• A tale of two clusters: dynamical history determines disc survival in Tr14 and Tr16 in the Carina Nebula
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• Characterizing the X-ray Emission of Intermediate-Mass Pre-Main-Sequence Stars
• Stellar Parameters and Radial Velocities of Hot Stars in the Carina Nebula
• The population of young low-mass stars in Trumpler 14
• Detection of new O-type stars in the obscured stellar cluster Tr 16-SE in the Carina Nebula with KMOS
• GG Carinae: orbital parameters and accretion indicators from phase-resolved spectroscopy and photometry
• Gaia-ESO Survey: massive stars in the Carina Nebula. II. The spectroscopic analysis of the O-star population
• Spatial distribution and clustering properties of the young stellar populations in the Carina Nebula complex and Car OB1
• Using a neural network approach and starspots dependent models to predict effective temperatures and ages of young stars
• A Multiband Catalog of Infrared-Excess Sources in the Vela-Carina Region: VVVX, DECaPS, and GLIMPSE