500 microkelvin nanoelectronics

Abstract

Fragile quantum effects such as single electron charging in quantum dots or macroscopic coherent tunneling in superconducting junctions are the basis of modern quantum technologies. These phenomena can only be observed in devices where the characteristic spacing between energy levels exceeds the thermal energy, $k_{\text{B}}T$, demanding effective refrigeration techniques for nanoscale electronic devices. Commercially available dilution refrigerators have enabled typical electron temperatures in the $10$ to $100$mK regime, however indirect cooling of nanodevices becomes inefficient due to stray radiofrequency heating and weak thermal coupling of electrons to the device substrate. Here we report on passing the millikelvin barrier for a nanoelectronic device. Using a combination of on-chip and off-chip nuclear refrigeration, we reach an ultimate electron temperature of $T_{\text{e}}=421\pm 35\mu$K and a hold time exceeding $85$hours below $700\mu$K measured by a self-calibrated Coulomb-blockade thermometer.

arXiv commentPublished version. Supplementary Information is available as ancillary file, raw data and calculations can be downloaded from http://dx.doi.org/10.4121/uuid:ffaeb9fc-9baf-428e-8a33-7e4b451d8f9e

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Cited by in corpus (20)

• 500 microkelvin nanoelectronics
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• Energy measurements remain thermometrically optimal beyond weak coupling
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• Thermal transport in nanoelectronic devices cooled by on-chip magnetic refrigeration
• Optimized proximity thermometer for ultra-sensitive detection
• Coulomb blockade thermometry beyond the universal regime
• Protocols to measure the non-Abelian Berry phase by pumping a spin qubit through a quantum-dot loop
• Progress on levitating a sphere in cryogenic fluids
• Optimal limits of continuously monitored thermometers and their Hamiltonian structure
• Ta2Pd3Te5 topological thermometer
• Optimal strategies for transient and equilibrium quantum thermometry using Gaussian and non-Gaussian probes
• Coulomb Blockade Thermometry on a Wide Temperature Range
• Erbium-based multifuncional compounds as molecular microkelvin-tunable driving-sensing units
• Influence of device non-uniformities on the accuracy of Coulomb blockade thermometry
• Coulomb blockade thermometry based nanocalorimetry
• A Sub-kHz Mechanical Resonator Passively Cooled to 6 mK
• Dispersive detection of single microwave photons with quantum dots
• Optimized proximity thermometer for ultrasensitive detection: Role of an ohmic electromagnetic environment