Primary thermometry triad at 6 mK in mesoscopic circuits

Abstract

Quantum physics emerge and develop as temperature is reduced. Although mesoscopic electrical circuits constitute an outstanding platform to explore quantum behavior, the challenge in cooling the electrons impedes their potential. The strong coupling of such micrometer-scale devices with the measurement lines, combined with the weak coupling to the substrate, makes them extremely difficult to thermalize below 10 mK and imposes in-situ thermometers. Here we demonstrate electronic quantum transport at 6 mK in micrometer-scale mesoscopic circuits. The thermometry methods are established by the comparison of three in-situ primary thermometers, each involving a different underlying physics. The employed combination of quantum shot noise, quantum back-action of a resistive circuit and conductance oscillations of a single-electron transistor covers a remarkably broad spectrum of mesoscopic phenomena. The experiment, performed in vacuum using a standard cryogen-free dilution refrigerator, paves the way toward the sub-millikelvin range with additional thermalization and refrigeration techniques.

Article and Supplementary

References in corpus (6)

• Observation of the two-channel Kondo effect
• Quantum limit of heat flow across a single electronic channel
• Single-mode heat conduction by photons
• Quantum Phase Transition in a Resonant Level Coupled to Interacting Leads
• Controlling charge quantization with quantum fluctuations
• Experimental Test of the Dynamical Coulomb Blockade Theory for Short Coherent Conductors

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Electronic heat flow and thermal shot noise in quantum circuits
• On-and-off chip cooling of a Coulomb blockade thermometer down to 2.8 mK
• Non-galvanic calibration and operation of a quantum dot thermometer
• Quantum dot thermometry at ultra-low temperature in a dilution refrigerator with a ${}^4$He immersion cell
• Thermometric machine for ultraprecise thermometry of low temperatures
• Noise of a superconducting magnetic flux sensor based on a proximity Josephson junction
• Exploring Quantum Hall Physics at Ultra-Low Temperatures and at High Pressures