Cooling low-dimensional electron systems into the microkelvin regime

Abstract

Two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) with high mobility, engineered in semiconductor heterostructures host a variety of ordered phases arising from strong correlations, which emerge at sufficiently low temperatures. The 2DEG can be further controlled by surface gates to create quasi-one dimensional systems, with potential spintronic applications. Here we address the long-standing challenge of cooling such electrons to below 1mK, potentially important for identification of topological phases and spin correlated states. The 2DEG device was immersed in liquid ${}^3$He, cooled by the nuclear adiabatic demagnetization of copper. The temperature of the 2D electrons was inferred from the electronic noise in a gold wire, connected to the 2DEG by a metallic ohmic contact. With effective screening and filtering, we demonstrate a temperature of 0.9$\pm$0.1mK, with scope for significant further improvement. This platform is a key technological step, paving the way to observing new quantum phenomena, and developing new generations of nanoelectronic devices exploiting correlated electron states.

9 pages, 5 figures plus 5 pages of supplementary information

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Cited by in corpus (13)

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• Energy measurements remain thermometrically optimal beyond weak coupling
• Electro-nuclear transition into a spatially modulated magnetic state in YbRh${}_2$Si${}_2$
• Thermal transport in nanoelectronic devices cooled by on-chip magnetic refrigeration
• Microstructuring YbRh2Si2 for resistance and noise measurements down to ultra-low temperatures
• Anomalous Electronic Transport in High Mobility Corbino Rings
• Logarithmic light cone, slow entanglement growth, and quantum memory
• Optimal limits of continuously monitored thermometers and their Hamiltonian structure
• On-chip quantum confinement refrigeration overcoming electron-phonon heat leaks
• Optimal strategies for transient and equilibrium quantum thermometry using Gaussian and non-Gaussian probes
• The heating and cooling of 2D electrons at low temperatures
• Dispersive detection of single microwave photons with quantum dots
• Effectiveness of Some 0 dB Cryogenic Microwave Attenuators as Thermal Heatsinks