Non-galvanic calibration and operation of a quantum dot thermometer

Abstract

A cryogenic quantum dot thermometer is calibrated and operated using only a single non-galvanic gate connection. The thermometer is probed with radio-frequency reflectometry and calibrated by fitting a physical model to the phase of the reflected radio-frequency signal taken at temperatures across a small range. Thermometry of the source and drain reservoirs of the dot is then performed by fitting the calibrated physical model to new phase data. The thermometer can operate at the transition between thermally broadened and lifetime broadened regimes, and outside the temperatures used in calibration. Electron thermometry was performed at temperatures between $3.0\mathrm{K}$ and $1.0\mathrm{K}$, in both a $1\mathrm{K}$ cryostat and a dilution refrigerator. The experimental setup allows fast electron temperature readout with a sensitivity of $4.0\pm 0.3\mathrm{mK}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$, at Kelvin temperatures. The non-galvanic calibration process gives a readout of physical parameters, such as the quantum dot lever arm. The demodulator used for reflectometry readout is readily available and very affordable.

arXiv comment6 pages, 6 figures, supplementary included

References in corpus (24)

• Opportunities for mesoscopics in thermometry and refrigeration: Physics and applications
• On-chip Maxwell's demon as an information-powered refrigerator
• Differential Charge Sensing and Charge Delocalization in a Tunable Double Quantum Dot
• Fast electron thermometry towards ultra-sensitive calorimetric detection
• Quantum and Tunnelling Capacitance in Charge and Spin Qubits
• Dispersively detected Pauli Spin-Blockade in a Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor
• Measuring the complex admittance of a carbon nanotube double quantum dot
• Gate-sensing coherent charge oscillations in a silicon field-effect transistor
• Radio-frequency capacitive gate-based sensing
• Primary thermometry triad at 6 mK in mesoscopic circuits
• GaAs Quantum Dot Thermometry Using Direct Transport and Charge Sensing
• Nanoelectronic thermometers optimised for sub-10 millikelvin operation
• Progress in cooling nanoelectronic devices to ultra-low temperatures
• Inverse Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg problem for qubit-resonator systems
• Multiphoton transitions in Josephson-junction qubits (Review Article)
• Primary thermometry of a single reservoir using cyclic electron tunneling in a CMOS transistor
• Readout methods and devices for Josephson-junction-based solid-state qubits
• A non-invasive electron thermometer based on charge sensing of a quantum dot
• Electric-field tuning of the valley splitting in silicon corner dots
• Small-signal equivalent circuit for double quantum dots at low-frequencies
• Traceable Coulomb Blockade Thermometry
• Non-galvanic primary thermometry of a two-dimensional electron gas
• Quantum dot thermometry at ultra-low temperature in a dilution refrigerator with a ${}^4$He immersion cell
• Thermionic charge transport in CMOS nano-transistors

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Probing quantum devices with radio-frequency reflectometry
• CMOS on-chip thermometry at deep cryogenic temperatures
• A quantum dot-based frequency multiplier
• Multi-module microwave assembly for fast read-out and charge noise characterization of silicon quantum dots
• Real-time milli-Kelvin thermometry in a semiconductor qubit architecture
• Beyond-adiabatic Quantum Admittance of a Semiconductor Quantum Dot at High Frequencies: Rethinking Reflectometry as Polaron Dynamics
• Measuring pulse heating in Si quantum dots with individual two-level fluctuators