Wolf 1130: A Nearby Triple System Containing a Cool, Ultramassive White Dwarf

Abstract

Following the discovery of the T8 subdwarf WISEJ200520.38+542433.9 (Wolf 1130C), with common proper motion to a binary (Wolf 1130AB) consisting of an M subdwarf and a white dwarf, we set out to learn more about the old binary in the system. We find that the A and B components of Wolf 1130 are tidally locked, which is revealed by the coherence of more than a year of V band photometry phase folded to the derived orbital period of 0.4967 days. Forty new high-resolution, near-infrared spectra obtained with the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrometer (IGRINS) provide radial velocities and a projected rotational velocity (v sin i) of 14.7 +/- 0.7 km/s for the M subdwarf. In tandem with a Gaia parallax-derived radius and verified tidal-locking, we calculate an inclination of i=29 +/- 2 degrees. From the single-lined orbital solution and the inclination we derive an absolute mass for the unseen primary (1.24+0.19-0.15 Msun). Its non-detection between 0.2 and 2.5 microns implies that it is an old (>3.7 Gyr) and cool (Teff<7000K) ONe white dwarf. This is the first ultramassive white dwarf within 25pc. The evolution of Wolf 1130AB into a cataclysmic variable is inevitable, making it a potential Type Ia supernova progenitor. The formation of a triple system with a primary mass >100 times the tertiary mass and the survival of the system through the common-envelope phase, where ~80% of the system mass was lost, is remarkable. Our analysis of Wolf 1130 allows us to infer its formation and evolutionary history, which has unique implications for understanding low-mass star and brown dwarf formation around intermediate mass stars.

arXiv comment37 pages, 9 Figures, 5 Tables

References in corpus (108)

• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• The Gaia mission
• Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
• A grid of MARCS model atmospheres for late-type stars I. Methods and general properties
• The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS)
• The Galaxy Evolution Explorer: A Space Ultraviolet Survey Mission
• Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties
• The Man Behind the Curtain: X-rays Drive the UV through NIR Variability in the 2013 AGN Outburst in NGC 2617
• The Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database
• Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
• Toward Understanding Massive Star Formation
• The All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) Light Curve Server v1.0
• Exploring the Milky Way stellar disk. A detailed elemental abundance study of 714 F and G dwarf stars in the Solar neighbourhood
• A Method of Correcting Near-Infrared Spectra for Telluric Absorption
• Models of Stars, Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• Elemental Abundance Survey of The Galactic Thick Disk
• The Formation of a Star Cluster: Predicting the Properties of Stars and Brown Dwarfs
• How to Constrain Your M Dwarf: measuring effective temperature, bolometric luminosity, mass, and radius
• Radial Velocities for 889 Late-type Stars
• Gaia Data Release 1: Astrometry - one billion positions, two million proper motions and parallaxes
• Stellar Diameters and Temperatures II. Main Sequence K & M Stars
• Stellar, Brown Dwarf, and Multiple Star Properties from Hydrodynamical Simulations of Star Cluster Formation
• The Formation Mechanism of Brown Dwarfs
• Metallicity and Temperature Indicators in M dwarf K band Spectra: Testing New & Updated Calibrations With Observations of 133 Solar Neighborhood M dwarfs
• Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function
• The H$\alpha$ emission of nearby M dwarfs and its relation to stellar rotation
• Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime
• M-Subdwarfs: Spectroscopic Classification and the Metallicity Scale
• Trumpeting M Dwarfs with CONCH-SHELL: a Catalog of Nearby Cool Host-Stars for Habitable ExopLanets and Life
• The rotation and Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs in the Solar Neighborhood
• A Spectroscopic Catalog of the Brightest (J<9) M Dwarfs in the Northern Sky
• An All-Sky Catalog of Bright M Dwarfs
• New white dwarf and subdwarf stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12
• Temperature dependent refractive index of silicon and germanium
• Discovery of a Brown Dwarf Companion to Gliese 570ABC: A 2MASS T Dwarf Significantly Cooler than Gliese 229B
• The initial-final mass relationship of white dwarfs revisited: effect on the luminosity function and mass distribution
• Near-infrared Metallicities, Radial Velocities and Spectral Types for 447 Nearby M Dwarfs
• A T8.5 Brown Dwarf Member of the Xi Ursae Majoris System
• The Angular Momentum Evolution of Very Low Mass Stars
• Revised metallicity classes for low-mass stars: dwarfs (dM), subdwarfs (sdM), extreme subdwarfs (esdM), and ultra subdwarfs (usdM)
• Spectro-Thermometry of M dwarfs and their candidate planets: too hot, too cool, or just right?
• The Solar Neighborhood XXXVII: The Mass-Luminosity Relation for Main Sequence M Dwarfs
• The supernova delay time distribution in galaxy clusters and implications for Type-Ia progenitors and metal enrichment
• The age, life expectancy, and space density of Post Common Envelope Binaries
• Prospecting in late-type dwarfs: a calibration of infrared and visible spectroscopic metallicities of late-K and M dwarfs spanning 1.5 dex
• Formation of the Widest Binaries from Dynamical Unfolding of Triple Systems
• The formation of very wide binaries during the star cluster dissolution phase
• Fragmentation of Massive Protostellar Disks
• Rotation Velocities for M-dwarfs
• The binarity of the local white dwarf population
• Identifying the young low-mass stars within 25 pc. II. Distances, kinematics and group membership
• The formation of close binary systems
• Zodiacal Exoplanets In Time (ZEIT) I: A Neptune-sized planet orbiting an M4.5 dwarf in the Hyades Star Cluster
• Beaming Binaries - a New Observational Category of Photometric Binary Stars
• Systemic: A Testbed For Characterizing the Detection of Extrasolar Planets. I. The Systemic Console Package
• Characterizing the Cool Kepler Objects of Interest. New Effective Temperatures, Metallicities, Masses and Radii of Low-Mass Kepler Planet-Candidate Host Stars
• The Factory and The Beehive II. Activity and Rotation in Praesepe and the Hyades
• The Age and Age Spread of the Praesepe and Hyades Clusters: a Consistent, ~800 Myr Picture from Rotating Stellar Models
• Cataclysmic Variables: An Empirical Angular Momentum Loss Prescription From Open Cluster Data
• A Study of the Diverse T Dwarf Population Revealed by WISE
• SpeX Spectroscopy of Unresolved Very Low Mass Binaries. II. Identification of Fourteen Candidate Binaries with Late-M/Early-L and T Dwarf Components
• Discovery of a wide planetary-mass companion to the young M3 star GU Psc
• A spectroscopy study of nearby late-type stars, possible members of stellar kinematic groups
• The ejected mass distribution of type Ia supernovae: A significant rate of non-Chandrasekhar-mass progenitors
• Metallicity of M dwarfs III. Planet-metallicity and planet-stellar mass correlations of the HARPS GTO M dwarf sample
• Clouds in the Coldest Brown Dwarfs: FIRE Spectroscopy of Ross 458C
• Reevaluating the Mass-Radius Relation for Low-Mass, Main Sequence Stars
• Uniform Atmospheric Retrieval Analysis of Ultracool Dwarfs II: Properties of 11 T-dwarfs
• A Physically-Motivated Photometric Calibration of M Dwarf Metallicity
• Constraints on the explosion mechanism and progenitors of type Ia supernovae
• Kepler observations of the beaming binary KPD 1946+4340
• The age and colors of massive white dwarf stars
• Evidence for sub-Chandrasekhar-mass progenitors of Type Ia supernovae at the faint end of the width-luminosity relation
• Near-Infrared Variability in the 2MASS Calibration Fields: A Search for Planetary Transit Candidates
• The astrophysics of visible-light orbital phase curves in the space age
• Calibrating M dwarf metallicities using molecular indices
• Implications for the Formation of Blue Straggler Stars from HST Ultraviolet Observations of NGC 188
• Hip 63510C, Hip 73786B, and nine new isolated high proper motion T dwarf candidates from UKIDSS DR6 and SDSS DR7
• A Young Planet Search in Visible and IR Light: DN Tau, V836 Tau, and V827 Tau
• A new benchmark T8-9 brown dwarf and a couple of new mid-T dwarfs from the UKIDSS DR5+ LAS
• Type Ia supernovae from exploding oxygen-neon white dwarfs
• A Search for Giant Planet Companions to T Tauri Stars
• The Exemplar T8 Subdwarf Companion of Wolf 1130
• Characterizing TW Hydra
• Starspot-induced optical and infrared radial velocity variability in T Tauri star Hubble 4
• Discovery and characterisation of detached M-dwarf eclipsing binaries in the WFCAM Transit Survey
• Surface Gravities for 228 M, L, and T Dwarfs in the NIRSPEC Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Survey
• Exploring the magnetic field complexity in M dwarfs at the boundary to full convection
• White Dwarf/M Dwarf Binaries as Single Degenerate Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae
• Discovery of a T dwarf + white dwarf binary system
• Systemic: A Testbed for Characterizing the Detection of Extrasolar Planets. II. Numerical approaches to the Transit Timing Inverse Problem
• On the formation of oxygen-neon white dwarfs in close binary systems
• Characterizing the Cool KOIs. V. KOI-256: A Mutually Eclipsing Post-Common Envelope Binary
• The Close Companion Mass-Ratio Distribution of Intermediate-Mass Stars
• The binary companion mass ratio distribution: an imprint of the star formation process?
• RX J2130.6+4710 - an eclipsing white dwarf - M-dwarf binary star
• Brown Dwarf Binaries from Disintegrating Triple Systems
• The V471 Tauri System: A Multi-datatype Probe
• The VAST Survey - IV. A wide brown dwarf companion to the A3V star $\zeta$ Delphini
• The discovery of a T6.5 subdwarf
• Forever Young: High Chromospheric Activity in M subdwarfs
• Ages of White Dwarf-Red Subdwarf Systems
• Modification of the MOOG spectral synthesis codes to account for Zeeman broadening of spectral lines
• 2MASS 0213+3648 C: A wide T3 benchmark companion to an an active, old M dwarf binary
• A Spectroscopic Technique for Measuring Stellar Properties of Pre-Main Sequence Stars
• An Ultramassive 1.28 M${}_{\odot }$ White Dwarf in NGC 2099
• Radial Velocity Variability of Field Brown Dwarfs
• M dwarfs and the fraction of high carbon-to-oxygen stars in the solar neighbourhood

Cited by in corpus (22)

• How to Constrain Your M dwarf II: the mass-luminosity-metallicity relation from 0.075 to 0.70$M_{\odot }$
• The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20-pc Census of 525 L, T, and Y Dwarfs
• The Gaia 20 pc white dwarf sample
• Preliminary Trigonometric Parallaxes of 184 Late-T and Y Dwarfs and an Analysis of the Field Substellar Mass Function into the "Planetary" Mass Regime
• The 40 pc sample of white dwarfs from Gaia
• Primeval very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs - VI. Population properties of metal-poor degenerate brown dwarfs
• The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. V. New T-Dwarf Members and Candidate Members of Nearby Young Moving Groups
• COol Companions ON Ultrawide orbiTS (COCONUTS). I. A High-Gravity T4 Benchmark around an Old White Dwarf and A Re-Examination of the Surface-Gravity Dependence of the L/T Transition
• Exploring the Extremes: Characterizing a New Population of Old and Cold Brown Dwarfs
• Uniform Forward-Modeling Analysis of Ultracool Dwarfs. II. Atmospheric Properties of 55 Late-T Dwarfs
• Constraints on the common-envelope evolution process from wide triple systems
• Observation of undepleted phosphine in the atmosphere of a low-temperature brown dwarf
• 10 Years of Archival High-Resolution NIR Spectra: The Raw and Reduced IGRINS Spectral Archive (RRISA)
• Optical constraints on the coldest metal-poor population
• Two substellar survivor candidates; one found and one missing
• A Speckle-Imaging Search for Close Triple Companions of Cataclysmic Binaries
• The quadruple system HIP 45734
• Probing Late-type T dwarf J-H Color Outliers for Signs of Age
• Fates of the sub-stellar objects (FOSSO) I. Fates of the known brown dwarfs in main-sequence--BD binaries
• Radial Velocities of Low-mass Candidate TWA Members
• Direct detections of white dwarfs in four WD+dM post-common envelope binaries within 20 pc
• Ross 19B: An Extremely Cold Companion Discovered via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project