Neutral Carbon Emission in luminous infrared galaxies The \CI\ Lines as Total Molecular Gas Tracers

Abstract

We present a statistical study on the [C I](${}^3{\mathrm{P}}_1\to {{}^3\mathrm{P}}_0$), [C I] (${}^3{\mathrm{P}}_2\to {{}^3\mathrm{P}}_1$) lines (hereafter [C I] (1$-$0) and [C I] (2$-$1), respectively) and the CO (1$-$0) line for a sample of (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies [(U)LIRGs]. We explore the correlations between the luminosities of CO (1$-$0) and [C I] lines, and find that $L_{\mathrm{CO}(1-0)}^{\prime }$ correlates almost linearly with both $L_{[\mathrm{CI}](1-0)}^{\prime }$ and $L_{[\mathrm{CI}](2-1)}^{\prime }$, suggesting that [C I] lines can trace total molecular gas mass at least for (U)LIRGs. We also investigate the dependence of $L_{[\mathrm{CI}](1-0)}^{\prime }$/$L_{\mathrm{CO}(1-0)}^{\prime }$, $L_{[\mathrm{CI}](2-1)}^{\prime }$/$L_{\mathrm{CO}(1-0)}^{\prime }$ and $L_{[\mathrm{CI}](2-1)}^{\prime }$/$L_{[\mathrm{CI}](1-0)}^{\prime }$ on the far-infrared color of 60-to-100 $\mu$m, and find non-correlation, a weak correlation and a modest correlation, respectively. Under the assumption that these two carbon transitions are optically thin, we further calculate the [C I] line excitation temperatures, atomic carbon masses, and the mean [C I] line flux-to-H${}_2$ mass conversion factors for our sample. The resulting ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ masses using these [C I]-based conversion factors roughly agree with those derived from $L_{\mathrm{CO}(1-0)}^{\prime }$ and CO-to-H${}_2$ conversion factor.

Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

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