Flavour anomalies after the $R_{K^{\ast }}$ measurement

Abstract

The LHCb measurement of the $\mu /e$ ratio $R_{K^{\ast }}$ indicates a deficit with respect to the Standard Model prediction, supporting earlier hints of lepton universality violation observed in the $R_K$ ratio. We show that the $R_K$ and $R_{K^{\ast }}$ ratios alone constrain the chiralities of the states contributing to these anomalies, and we find deviations from the Standard Model at the $4\sigma$ level. This conclusion is further corroborated by hints in the theoretically challenging $b\to s{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ distributions. Theoretical interpretations in terms of $Z^{\prime }$, lepto-quarks, loop mediators, and composite dynamics are discussed. We highlight their distinctive features in terms of chiralities and flavour structure relevant for the observed anomalies.

Updated including the Moriond 2019 data from LHCb and Belle. 37 pages, 11 figures

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