Baryon Number and Lepton Universality Violation in Leptoquark and Diquark Models

Abstract

We perform a systematic study of models involving leptoquarks and diquarks with masses well below the grand unification scale and demonstrate that a large class of them is excluded due to rapid proton decay. After singling out the few phenomenologically viable color triplet and sextet scenarios, we show that there exist only two leptoquark models which do not suffer from tree-level proton decay and which have the potential for explaining the recently discovered anomalies in B meson decays. Both of those models, however, contain dimension five operators contributing to proton decay and require a new symmetry forbidding them to emerge at a higher scale. This has a particularly nice realization for the model with the vector leptoquark $(3,1{)}_{2/3}$, which points to a specific extension of the Standard Model, namely the Pati-Salam unification model, where this leptoquark naturally arises as the new gauge boson. We explore this possibility in light of recent B physics measurements. Finally, we analyze also a vector diquark model, discussing its LHC phenomenology and showing that it has nontrivial predictions for neutron-antineutron oscillation experiments.

arXiv comment10 pages, 3 figures; v2: constraints on the Pati-Salam leptoquark discussed in more detail, brief sketch of a new model presented

References in corpus (77)

• Weak Decays Beyond Leading Logarithms
• Test of lepton universality using $B^{+}\to K^{+}{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ decays
• Evidence for an excess of B -> D(*) Tau Nu decays
• Test of lepton universality with $B^0\to K^{\ast 0}{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ decays
• Measurement of an Excess of B -> D(*) Tau Nu Decays and Implications for Charged Higgs Bosons
• Physics of leptoquarks in precision experiments and at particle colliders
• Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions $\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{\ast +}{\tau }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\tau })/\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{\ast +}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu })$
• B-physics anomalies: a guide to combined explanations
• Measurement of the $\tau$ lepton polarization and $R(D^{\ast })$ in the decay $\bar{B}\to D^{\ast }{\tau }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$
• On the B to D* tau nu Sensitivity to New Physics
• Proton stability in grand unified theories, in strings, and in branes
• Model independent constraints on leptoquarks from rare processes
• Effective field theory approach to $b\to s\ell {\ell }^{(\prime )}$, $B\to K^{(\ast )}\nu \bar{\nu }$ and $B\to D^{(\ast )}\tau \nu$ with third generation couplings
• Patterns of New Physics in $b\to s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ transitions in the light of recent data
• Vector leptoquark resolution of $R_K$ and $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$ puzzles
• Testing leptoquark models in $\bar{B}\to D^{(\ast )}\tau \bar{\nu }$
• Flavor Physics Constraints for Physics Beyond the Standard Model
• Flavour anomalies after the $R_{K^{\ast }}$ measurement
• Interpreting Hints for Lepton Flavor Universality Violation
• Combined analysis of semileptonic $B$ decays to $D$ and $D^{\ast }$: $R(D^{(\ast )})$, $|V_{cb}|$, and new physics
• Gauge leptoquark as the origin of B-physics anomalies
• The lifetime of the $B_c^{-}$ meson and the anomalies in $B\to D^{(\ast )}\tau \nu$
• A model of vector leptoquarks in view of the $B$-physics anomalies
• $SU(2)\times U(1)$ gauge invariance and the shape of new physics in rare $B$ decays
• Towards the discovery of new physics with lepton-universality ratios of $b\to s\ell \ell$ decays
• $R(D^{\ast })$, $|V_{cb}|$, and the Heavy Quark Symmetry relations between form factors
• Leptoquark model to explain the $B$-physics anomalies, $R_K$ and $R_D$
• Search for new phenomena in dijet events using 37 fb${}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data collected at $\sqrt{s}=$13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• B-decay Anomalies in a Composite Leptoquark Model
• $R_K$ and $R_{K^{\ast }}$ beyond the Standard Model
• Search for Proton Decay via $p\to e^{+}{\pi }^0$ and $p\to {\mu }^{+}{\pi }^0$ in 0.31 megaton$\cdot$years exposure of the Super-Kamiokande Water Cherenkov Detector
• Measurements of branching fractions, rate asymmetries, and angular distributions in the rare decays B --> Kl+l- and B --> K*l+l-
• Lepton universality violation and lepton flavor conservation in $B$-meson decays
• Neutron-Antineutron Oscillations: Theoretical Status and Experimental Prospects
• Rare $B$ Decays as Tests of the Standard Model
• Search for dijet resonances in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV and constraints on dark matter and other models
• Non-standard Charged Current Interactions: beta decays versus the LHC
• Much Ado About Leptoquarks: A Comprehensive Analysis
• Simplified models with baryon number violation but no proton decay
• Observation of B^0 \to D^{*-} τ^+ ν_τ decay at Belle
• Constraint on the branching ratio of B_c \to tau nu from LEP1 and consequences for R(D(*)) anomaly
• Constraints on two-lepton, two quark operators
• Observation of B+ -> Dbar*0 tau+ nu_tau and Evidence for B+ -> Dbar^0 tau+ nu_tau at Belle
• Search for B -> h(*) nu nubar with the full Belle Y(4S) data sample
• Phenomenology of scalar leptoquarks
• Search for n-nbar oscillation in Super-Kamiokande
• Composite Leptoquarks at the LHC
• Quark-Lepton Unification and Rare Meson Decays
• Forward-backward asymmetry in t anti-t production from flavour symmetries
• Post-Sphaleron Baryogenesis and an Upper Limit on the Neutron-Antineutron Oscillation Time
• Lepton number violation at the LHC with leptoquark and diquark
• Color Sextet Scalars at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• Neutrino Mass Hierarchy and neutron-anti-neutron Oscillation from Baryogenesis
• QCD Corrections to Scalar Diquark Production at Hadron Colliders
• Low Scale Quark-Lepton Unification
• Color Sextet Scalars in Early LHC Experiments
• Coupling Unification, GUT-Scale Baryogenesis and Neutron-Antineutron Oscillation in SO(10)
• Flavor Symmetric Sectors and Collider Physics
• Mass limits for scalar and gauge leptoquarks from $K_L^0\to e^{\mp }{\mu }^{\pm },B^0\to e^{\mp }{\tau }^{\pm }$ decays
• Lattice QCD calculation of the proton decay matrix element in the continuum limit
• b --> s gamma confronts B-violating scalar couplings: R-parity violating supersymmetry or diquark
• Baryon Number Violating Scalar Diquarks at the LHC
• Color Sextet Vector Bosons and Same-Sign Top Quark Pairs at the LHC
• Baryogenesis and neutron-antineutron oscillation at TeV
• Resonant production of diquarks at high energy pp, ep and e+e- colliders
• The third type of fermion mixing in the lepton and quark interactions with leptoquarks
• Color Triplet Diquarks at the LHC
• Simulation of Sextet Diquark Production
• Gauge coupling unification without leptoquarks
• SU(5) Unification without Proton Decay
• Baryon Number as the Fourth Color
• The Color Discriminant Variable and Scalar Diquarks at the LHC
• Semileptonic B Decays as a Probe of New Physics
• Diquark resonance and single top production at the Large Hadron Collider
• Threshold resummation for the production of a color sextet (antitriplet) scalar at the LHC
• Observable n - anti-n Oscillations with New Physics at LHC
• NLO QCD corrections to the resonant Vector Diquark production at the LHC

Cited by in corpus (163)

• $B$ Meson Anomalies in a Pati-Salam Model within the Randall-Sundrum Background
• Closing the window on single leptoquark solutions to the $B$-physics anomalies
• A model of vector leptoquarks in view of the $B$-physics anomalies
• B-decay discrepancies after Moriond 2019
• Dark Matter Interpretation of the Neutron Decay Anomaly
• Importance of Loop Effects in Explaining the Accumulated Evidence for New Physics in B Decays with a Vector Leptoquark
• Scalar leptoquarks from GUT to accommodate the $B$-physics anomalies
• Review of Lepton Universality tests in B decays
• Third Family Quark-Lepton Unification at the TeV Scale
• On the single leptoquark solutions to the $B$-physics anomalies
• Maximal Flavour Violation: a Cabibbo mechanism for leptoquarks
• New Physics in $b\to s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ confronts new data on Lepton Universality
• The Mono-Tau Menace: From $B$ Decays to High-$p_T$ Tails
• Impact of polarization observables and $B_c\to \tau \nu$ on new physics explanations of the $b\to c\tau \nu$ anomaly
• Revisiting the vector leptoquark explanation of the B-physics anomalies
• Left-Right SU(4) Vector Leptoquark Model for Flavor Anomalies
• Pati-Salam explanations of the B-meson anomalies
• Combined Explanations of the $b\to s{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ and $b\to c{\tau }^{-}\bar{\nu }$ Anomalies: a General Model Analysis
• Constraints on Lepton Universality Violation from Rare $B$ Decays
• Combined explanations of B-physics anomalies: the sterile neutrino solution
• High-pT Signatures in Vector-Leptoquark Models
• Addendum to "Impact of polarization observables and $B_c\to \tau \nu$ on new physics explanations of the $b\to c\tau \nu$ anomaly"
• One constraint to kill them all?
• Addressing the B-physics anomalies in a fundamental Composite Higgs Model
• Generic Loop Effects of New Scalars and Fermions in $b\to s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$, $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ and a Vector-like $4^{\mathrm{th}}$ Generation
• Drell-Yan Tails Beyond the Standard Model
• $B$ Flavour Anomalies: 2021 Theoretical Status Report
• Anomalies in Bottom from new physics in Top
• Addressing $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$, $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$, muon $g-2$ and ANITA anomalies in a minimal $R$-parity violating supersymmetric framework
• Revisiting the new-physics interpretation of the $b\to c\tau \nu$ data
• $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$ motivated ${\mathcal{S}}_1$ leptoquark scenarios: Impact of interference on the exclusion limits from LHC data
• A Model of Muon Anomalies
• Implications for New Physics in $b\to s\mu \mu$ transitions after recent measurements by Belle and LHCb
• Combined explanations of $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$, $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$, $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$ anomalies in a two-loop radiative neutrino mass model
• Challenges in Semileptonic B Decays
• $R_2$ as a single leptoquark solution to $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$ and $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$
• Searching for Leptoquarks at Future Muon Colliders
• Inclusive Nucleon Decay Searches as a Frontier of Baryon Number Violation
• Vector Leptoquarks Beyond Tree Level
• A unified leptoquark model confronted with lepton non-universality in $B$-meson decays
• Addressing the ${\mathbf{R}}_{D^{(\ast )}}$ anomalies with an ${\mathbf{S}}_1$ leptoquark from $\mathbf{SO}(10)$ grand unification
• The experimental status of direct searches for exotic physics beyond the standard model at the Large Hadron Collider
• Implications of scalar and tensor explanations of $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$
• Revisiting R-parity violating interactions as an explanation of the B-physics anomalies
• Third Family Hypercharge Model for $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$ and Aspects of the Fermion Mass Problem
• Vector Leptoquarks Beyond Tree Level III: Vector-like Fermions and Flavor-Changing Transitions
• Is it possible to explain the muon and electron $g-2$ in a $Z^{\prime }$ model?
• Effective Theory Approach to New Physics with Flavour: General Framework and a Leptoquark Example
• Unified explanation of flavor anomalies, radiative neutrino mass and ANITA anomalous events in a vector leptoquark model
• GUT Physics in the era of the LHC
• Muonic Force Behind Flavor Anomalies
• A Common Origin of Neutrino Masses and $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$, $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$ Anomalies
• Leptoquarks and Matter Unification: Flavor Anomalies and the Muon $g-2$
• Confronting the vector leptoquark hypothesis with new low- and high-energy data
• Investigation of Effects of New Physics in ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_c\tau {\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$ Decay
• Charged current $b\to c\tau {\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$ anomalies in a general $W^{\prime }$ boson scenario
• Impact of ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_c\tau \nu$ measurement on New Physics in $b\to cl\nu$ transitions
• Simplified Models of Flavourful Leptoquarks
• Constraints on charmphilic solutions to the muon g-2 with leptoquarks
• Neutron Stars with Baryon Number Violation, Probing Dark Sectors
• Correlation between $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$ and top quark FCNC decays in leptoquark models
• $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$, $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$ and neutrino mass in the 2HDM-III with right-handed neutrinos
• Exploiting dijet resonance searches for flavor physics
• Unified SU(4) theory for the $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$ and $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$ anomalies
• Precise limits on the charge-$2/3$ $U_1$ vector leptoquark
• Anatomy of ${\epsilon }^{\prime }/\epsilon$ beyond the Standard Model
• A chiral SU(4) explanation of the $b\to s$ anomalies
• Probing the $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$ Anomaly at a Muon Collider
• $R_K$ and $R_{K^{\ast }}$ in an Aligned 2HDM with Right-Handed Neutrinos
• Lepto-Quark Portal Dark Matter
• Seeking leptoquarks in IceCube
• $R(K^{(\ast )})$ from dark matter exchange
• Indirect and monojet constraints on scalar leptoquarks
• Leptoquark solution for both the flavor and ANITA anomalies
• Implications for Electric Dipole Moments of a Leptoquark Scenario for the $B$-Physics Anomalies
• Resonant third-generation leptoquark signatures at the Large Hadron Collider
• Left-handed color-sextet diquark in the Kaon system
• Vector leptoquark mass limits and branching ratios of $K_L^0,B^0,B_s\to l_i^{+}{l}_j^{-}$ decays with account of fermion mixing in leptoquark currents
• Phenomenology of $b\to c\tau \bar{\nu }$ decays in a scalar leptoquark model
• A nonunitary interpretation for a single vector leptoquark combined explanation to the $B$-decay anomalies
• B-physics anomalies: The bridge between R-parity violating Supersymmetry and flavoured Dark Matter
• Lepton non-universality in $B$ decays and fermion mass structure
• R-parity violating solutions to the $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$ anomaly and their GUT-scale unifications
• New physics in $b\to s\ell \ell$ transitions at one loop
• Common explanation to the $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$, $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$ and ${\epsilon }^{\prime }/\epsilon$ anomalies in a 3HDM+${\nu }_R$ and connections to neutrino physics
• Classifying Standard Model Extensions Effectively with Precision Observables
• Boosting vector leptoquark searches with boosted tops
• Fermionic dark matter in leptoquark portal
• Contributions to $b\to s\ell \ell$ Anomalies from $R$-Parity Violating Interactions
• $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$ with leptoquarks and the origin of Yukawa couplings
• A gauged horizontal $SU(2)$ symmetry and $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$
• Scalar Leptoquarks, Baryon Number Violation and Pati-Salam Symmetry
• Anomalies and accidental symmetries: charging the scalar leptoquark under $L_{\mu }$-$L_{\tau }$
• An EFT approach to baryon number violation: lower limits on the new physics scale and correlations between nucleon decay modes
• Twin Pati-Salam theory of flavour with a TeV scale vector leptoquark
• Collider signature of $U_1$ Leptoquark and constraints from $b\to c$ observables
• Collider phenomenology of a unified leptoquark model
• Phenomenology of Scalar Leptoquarks at the LHC in Explaining the Radiative Neutrino Mass, Muon $g-2$ and Lepton Flavour Violating Observables
• A vector leptoquark for the B-physics anomalies from a composite GUT
• Gravitational Wave Signatures of Lepton Universality Violation
• Vector Leptoquarks Beyond Tree Level II: $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s)$ Corrections and Radial Modes
• Simultaneous interpretation of $K$ and $B$ anomalies in terms of chiral-flavorful vectors
• $B$ anomalies under the lens of electroweak precision
• A Complete Framework for Tau Polarimetry in $B\to D^{(\ast )}\tau \nu$ Decays
• Finite Family Groups for Fermionic and Leptoquark Mixing Patterns
• Flavorful leptoquarks at the LHC and beyond: Spin 1
• $b\to c\ell \nu$ anomalies in light of extended scalar sectors
• Phenomenology of an extended IDM with loop-generated fermion mass hierarchies
• LHC Constraints on Scalar Diquarks
• Scalar dark matter behind $b\to s\mu \mu$ anomaly
• Collider Signatures of Coannihilating Dark Matter in Light of the B-Physics Anomalies
• Phenomenology of TeV-scale scalar Leptoquarks in the EFT
• A comparative study of the $S_1$ and $U_1$ leptoquark effects in the light quark regime
• Origin of Yukawa couplings for Higgs and leptoquarks
• Composite Higgs and leptoquarks from a simple group
• Impact of vector new physics couplings on $B_s\to (K,K^{\ast })\tau \nu$ and $B\to \pi \tau \nu$ decays
• Marriage between neutrino mass and flavor anomalies
• Muon anomalies and the $SU(5)$ Yukawa relations
• Accidental scale-invariant Majorana dark matter in leptoquark-Higgs portals
• Drell-Yan production in third-generation gauge vector leptoquark models at NLO+PS in QCD
• B Anomalies and Leptoquarks at the LHC: Beyond the Lepton-Quark Final State
• Pursuit of paired dijet resonances in the Run 2 dataset with ATLAS
• Leptoquarks and Real Singlets: A Richer Scalar Sector Behind the Origin of Dark Matter
• Sequentially loop supressed fermion masses from a unique discrete symmetry
• Investigating the Production of Leptoquarks by Means of Zeros of Amplitude at Photon Electron Collider
• ${\epsilon }_K$ and ${\epsilon }^{\prime }/\epsilon$ in a diquark model
• Quark masses, CKM angles and Lepton Flavour Universality violation
• $B-L$ violating nucleon decays as a probe of leptoquarks and implications for baryogenesis
• The fate of $V_1$ vector leptoquarks: the impact of future flavour data
• All possible first signals of gauge leptoquark in quark-lepton unification and beyond
• Another SMEFT Story: $Z^{\prime }$ Facing New Results on ${\epsilon }^{\prime }/\epsilon$, $\Delta M_K$ and $K\to \pi \nu \bar{\nu }$
• Leptoquarks, axions and the unification of B, L, and Peccei-Quinn symmetries
• Probing New Physics in light of recent developments in $b\to c\ell \nu$ transitions
• A comprehensive study of vector leptoquark with $U(1{)}_{B_3-L_2}$ on the $B$-meson and Muon g-2 anomalies
• Vector leptoquark contributions to lepton dipole moments
• Chiral gauge leptoquark mass limits and branching ratios of $K_L^0,B^0,B_s\to l_i^{+}{l}_j^{-}$ decays with account of the general fermion mixing in leptoquark currents
• Investigating the effect of $U_1$ vector leptoquark on $b\to u\tau \bar{\nu }$ mediated $B$ decays
• Baryonic and Leptonic GeV Dark Matter
• Singlet vector leptoquark model facing recent LHCb and BABAR measurements
• Helicity amplitudes in $B\to D^{\ast }\bar{\nu }l$ decay
• Correlating $0\nu \beta \beta$ decays and flavor observables in leptoquark models
• Dimension-5 baryon-number violation in low-scale Pati-Salam
• Alternative Renormalizable Minimal SO(10) GUTs and Data Fitting
• Prospects for discovering new physics in charm sector through low-energy scattering processes $e^{-}p\to e^{-}({\mu }^{-}){\Lambda }_c$
• Searching for new physics from SMEFT and leptoquarks at the P2 experiment
• B meson decay anomaly with a non-universal U(1)' extension
• Ultraheavy resonances at the LHC: beyond the QCD background
• Searching and identifying leptoquarks through low-energy polarized scattering processes $e^{-}p\to e^{-}{\Lambda }_c$
• TeV-scale vector leptoquark from Pati-Salam unification with vectorlike families
• Polarization amplitudes in ${\tau }^{-}\to {\nu }_{\tau }VP$ decay beyond the standard model
• Invisible neutron decay and light BSM particles
• Perturbative unitarity constraints on generic Yukawa interactions
• Flavour anomalies meet flavour symmetry
• Potential Blind Directions at TeraZ
• Rare decay $t\to c\gamma \gamma$ via scalar leptoquark doublets
• The $B$ Anomalies, the $U_1$ Leptoquark and Dark Matter
• Effects of vector leptoquarks on ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_c\ell {\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }$ decay
• Direct searches motivated by recent $B$-anomalies
• Comment on "Neutron lifetime and dark decay of the neutron and hydrogen''
• Constraining Scalar Doublet and Triplet Leptoquarks with Vacuum Stability and Perturbativity
• Leptoquarks with Exactly Stable Protons
• Flavor Anomalies and Quark-Lepton Unification
• Renormalization-group-improved constraints on dimension-7 baryon-number-violating operators