Internal X-ray plateau in short GRBs: Signature of supramassive fast-rotating quark stars?

Abstract

A supramassive, strongly-magnetized millisecond neutron star (NS) has been proposed to be the candidate central engine of at least some short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), based on the "internal plateau" commonly observed in the early X-ray afterglow. While a previous analysis shows a qualitative consistency between this suggestion and the Swift SGRB data, the distribution of observed break time $t_b$ is much narrower than the distribution of the collapse time of supramassive NSs for the several NS equations-of-state (EoSs) investigated. In this paper, we study four recently-constructed "unified" NS EoSs, as well as three developed strange quark star (QS) EoSs within the new confinement density-dependent mass model. All the EoSs chosen here satisfy the recent observational constraints of the two massive pulsars whose masses are precisely measured. We construct sequences of rigidly rotating NS/QS configurations with increasing spinning frequency $f$, from non-rotating ($f=0$) to the Keplerian frequency ($f=f_{\mathrm{K}}$), and provide convenient analytical parametrizations of the results. Assuming that the cosmological NS-NS merger systems have the same mass distribution as the Galactic NS-NS systems, we demonstrate that all except the BCPM NS EoS can reproduce the current $22\%$ supramassive NS/QS fraction constraint as derived from the SGRB data. We simultaneously simulate the observed quantities (the break time $t_b$, the break time luminosity $L_b$ and the total energy in the electromagnetic channel $E_{\mathrm{total}}$) of SGRBs, and find that while equally well reproducing other observational constraints, QS EoSs predict a much narrower $t_b$ distribution than that of the NS EoSs, better matching the data. We therefore suggest that the post-merger product of NS-NS mergers might be fast-rotating supramassive QSs rather than NSs.

arXiv comment6 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, Phys. Rev. D (2016) accepted

References in corpus (75)

• Shapiro delay measurement of a two solar mass neutron star
• A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary
• Color superconductivity in dense quark matter
• NJL-model analysis of dense quark matter
• Gamma-Ray Bursts as the Death Throes of Massive Binary Stars
• Dyson-Schwinger Equations and the Application to Hadronic Physics
• The Infrared Behavior of QCD Green's Functions - Confinement, Dynamical Symmetry Breaking, and Hadrons as Relativistic Bound States
• Relativistic Equation of State of Nuclear Matter for Supernova and Neutron Star
• Strange Quark Matter and Compact Stars
• Dyson-Schwinger Equations: Density, Temperature and Continuum Strong QCD
• Rotating Stars in Relativity
• Comparing Models of Rapidly Rotating Relativistic Stars Constructed by Two Numerical Methods
• Cold Quark Matter
• Signatures of magnetar central engines in short GRB lightcurves
• The missing link: Merging neutron stars naturally produce jet-like structures and can power short Gamma-Ray Bursts
• X-Ray Flares from Postmerger Millisecond Pulsars
• Hyperon Puzzle: Hints from Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations
• An origin for short g-ray bursts unassociated with current star formation
• Strange Stars with Realistic Quark Vector Interaction and Phenomenological Density-dependent Scalar Potential
• Gamma-Ray Bursts and Afterglows from Rotating Strange Stars and Neutron Stars
• Swift observations of GRB 070110: an extraordinary X-ray afterglow powered by the central engine
• Analytical representations of unified equations of state for neutron-star matter
• Is SAX J1808.4-3658 a Strange Star ?
• A possible connection between Fast Radio Bursts and Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Quark matter in compact stars?
• The Millisecond Magnetar Central Engine in short GRBs
• The unusual X-ray emission of the short Swift GRB 090515: Evidence for the formation of a magnetar?
• Interacting quark matter equation of state for compact stars
• Time-Dependent Models of Accretion Disks Formed from Compact Object Mergers
• Early X-ray and optical afterglow of gravitational wave bursts from mergers of binary neutron stars
• Solid Quark Stars?
• A test of the millisecond magnetar central engine model of GRBs with Swift data
• Quark Matter in Strong Magnetic Field
• Constraints on binary neutron star merger product from short GRB observations
• Unified equation of state for neutron stars on a microscopic basis
• Nuclear Equation of State from Observations of Short Gamma-Ray Burst Remnants
• Conversion of neutron stars to strange stars as an origin of gamma-ray bursts
• Thermodynamics, strange quark matter, and strange stars
• Observationally constraining gravitational wave emission from short gamma-ray burst remnants
• Short-living supermassive magnetar model for the early X-ray flares following short GRBs
• Bright broad-band afterglows of gravitational wave bursts from mergers of binary neutron stars
• Pulsar Glitches: The Crust may be Enough
• PSR 0943+10: a bare strange star?
• Deconfinement phase transition in hybrid neutron stars from the Brueckner theory with three-body forces and a quark model with chiral mass scaling
• Effects of color superconductivity on the structure and formation of compact stars
• The One-Armed Spiral Instability in Neutron Star Mergers and its Detectability in Gravitational Waves
• Signature of gravitational radiation in afterglow of short Gamma-Ray Bursts?
• On the nature of the compact star in 4U 1728-34
• The X-ray afterglow of the short gamma ray burst 050724
• Thermodynamic properties of a simple, confining model
• Hyperon stars at finite temperature in the Brueckner theory
• Quark matter symmetry energy and quark stars
• Thermodynamic consistency, quark mass scaling, and properties of strange matter
• Is GRO J1744-28 a Strange Star?
• The Most Luminous Supernova ASASSN-15lh: Signature of a Newborn Rapidly-Rotating Strange Quark Star
• Gamma-Ray Bursts from quark stars
• Fast spinning strange stars: possible ways to constrain interacting quark matter parameters
• Massive hybrid stars with a first order phase transition
• What if pulsars are born as strange stars?
• The scenario of two families of compact stars 1. Equations of state, mass-radius relations and binary systems
• On the unlocking of color and flavor in color-superconducting quark matter
• Microscopic three-body forces and kaon condensation in cold neutrino-trapped matter
• Quark Stars as inner engines for Gamma Ray Bursts?
• Nuclear Three-body Force Effect on a Kaon Condensate in Neutron Star Matter
• Protoneutron stars in the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach and finite-temperature kaon condensation
• Fast rotation of strange stars
• The scenario of two families of compact stars 2. Transition from hadronic to quark matter and explosive phenomena
• Gravitational waves from color-magnetic `mountains' in neutron stars
• Quark deconfinement and the duration of short Gamma Ray Bursts
• Strange stars with different quark mass scalings
• X-Ray Flares of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Quakes of Solid Quark Stars?
• A Possible Model for the Supernova/Gamma-Ray Burst Connection
• The newly born magnetars powering gamma-ray burst internal-plateau emission: are there strange stars?
• Quark Matter at High Density based on Extended Confined-isospin-density-dependent-mass Model
• Quark-Novae occurring in massive binaries : A universal energy source in superluminous Supernovae with double-peaked light curves

Cited by in corpus (62)

• Neutrino-dominated accretion flows as the central engine of gamma-ray bursts
• Constraints on interquark interaction parameters with GW170817 in a binary strange star scenario
• Dense matter with eXTP
• A magnetar-powered X-ray transient as the aftermath of a binary neutron-star merger
• The evolution of binary neutron star post-merger remnants: a review
• Statistical Study of Gamma-Ray Bursts with a Plateau Phase in the X-ray Afterglow
• The Fate of Neutron Star Binary Mergers
• Neutron star equation of state from the quark level in the light of GW170817
• The allowed parameter space of a long-lived neutron star as the merger remnant of GW170817
• Science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission
• Searching for magnetar powered merger-novae from short GRBs
• Hyperaccreting Black Hole as Gamma-Ray Burst Central Engine. II. Temporal evolution of central engine parameters during Prompt and Afterglow Phases
• X-ray counterpart of gravitational waves due to binary neutron star mergers: light curves, luminosity functions, and event rate densities
• Constraints on the maximum mass of neutron stars with a quark core from GW170817 and NICER PSR J0030+0451 data
• What constraints on the neutron star maximum mass can one pose from GW170817 observations?
• Bayesian inference of strange star equation of state using the GW170817 and GW190425 data
• Signature of a New-Born Black Hole from the Collapse of a Supra-massive Millisecond Magnetar
• Do the current astronomical observations exclude the existence of non-strange quark stars?
• A unified binary neutron star merger magnetar model for the Chandra X-ray transients CDF-S XT1 and XT2
• Sound velocity in dense stellar matter with strangeness and compact stars
• New equation of states for postmerger supramassive quark stars
• Strange quark stars in binaries: formation rates, mergers and explosive phenomena
• Interacting $ud$ and $uds$ quark matter at finite densities and quark stars
• Differentially rotating strange star in general relativity
• Statistical analyses on the energies of X-ray plateaus and flares in gamma-ray bursts
• Dependence of pulsar death line on the equation of state
• Precessing magnetars as central engines in short gamma-ray bursts
• X-ray light curve in GRB 170714A: evidence for quark star?
• $R$-mode Stability of GW190814's Secondary Component as a Supermassive and Superfast Pulsar
• Constraining the Braking Index and Energy Partition of Magnetar spindown with {\em Swift}/XRT data
• Comparison of gravitational waves from central engines of gamma-ray bursts: neutrino-dominated accretion flows, Blandford-Znajek mechanisms, and millisecond magnetars
• GRB Observational Properties
• Magnetic-distortion-induced ellipticity and gravitational wave radiation of neutron stars: millisecond magnetars in short GRBs, Galactic pulsars, and magnetars
• On the Binary-Neutron-Star Post-Merger Magnetar Origin of XRT 210423
• Uniformly rotating, axisymmetric and triaxial quark stars in general relativity
• Evolution of equal mass binary bare quark stars in full general relativity: could a supramassive merger remnant experience prompt collapse?
• Energy injection driven by precessing jets in gamma-ray burst afterglows
• Long-duration Gamma-ray Burst Progenitors and Magnetar Formation
• Measuring the Hubble constant with coalescences of binary neutron star and neutron star-black hole: bright sirens \& dark sirens
• Diagnosing the remnants of binary neutron star merger from GW170817/GRB170817A event
• Detectability of "Merger-nova" emission from a long-lived magnetar in short gamma-ray bursts
• Universal behavior of compact star based upon gravitational binding energy
• Evidence for gravitational-wave dominated emission in the central engine of short GRB 200219A
• Stochastic gravitational wave background from newly born massive magnetars: The role of a dense matter equation of state
• Constraining the nuclear equation of state via gravitational-wave radiation of short gamma-ray burst remnants
• Polarization in early optical afterglows of gamma-ray bursts driven by precessing jets
• Conditions for the existence of stable strange quark matter
• Neutron stars in the large-$N_c$ limit
• Gravitational waves from post-merger radially-oscillating millisecond pulsars
• Rotating Neutron Stars with the Relativistic Ab Initio Calculations
• The origin of the coherent radio flash potentially associated with GRB 201006A
• Neutron Star Merger Remnants: Braking Indices, Gravitational Waves, and the Equation Of State
• Dense Hadronic Matter in Neutron Stars
• A powerful e^{+-} outflow driven by a proto-strange quark star
• Low-frequency gravitational wave memory from gamma-ray burst afterglows with energy injection
• Equation of State of Decompressed Quark Matter, and Observational Signatures of Quark-Star Mergers
• Note on neutron star equation of state in the light of GW170817
• Does a long-lived remnant neutron star exist after short gamma-ray burst GRB 160821B?
• Pulsar glitch and nuclear EoS: Applicability of superfluid model
• Could FRB 131104 Originate from the Merger of Binary Neutron Stars?
• On the desert between neutron star and black hole remnants
• Internal Plateau in Short GRBs and Quark Stars