Realization of a time-scale with an accurate optical lattice clock

Abstract

Optical clocks are not only powerful tools for prime fundamental research, but are also deemed for the re-definition of the SI base unit second as they now surpass the performance of caesium atomic clocks in both accuracy and stability by more than an order of magnitude. However, an important obstacle in this transition has so far been the limited reliability of the optical clocks that made a continuous realization of a timescale impractical. In this paper, we demonstrate how this situation can be resolved and that a timescale based on an optical clock can be established that is superior to one based on even the best caesium fountain clocks. The paper also gives further proof of the international consistency of strontium lattice clocks on the $10^{-16}$ accuracy level, which is another prerequisite for a change in the definition of the second.

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Cited by in corpus (51)

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• Atomic Clocks for Geodesy
• A transportable optical lattice clock with $7\times 10^{-17}$ uncertainty
• Test of special relativity using a fiber network of optical clocks
• Improved limits for violations of local position invariance from atomic clock comparisons
• A high-performance optical lattice clock based on bosonic atoms
• Advances in the accuracy, stability, and reliability of the PTB primary fountain clocks
• Roadmap towards the redefinition of the second
• Operational Magic Intensity for Sr Optical Lattice Clocks
• Frequency measurements of superradiance from the strontium clock transition
• Optical to microwave clock frequency ratios with a nearly continuous strontium optical lattice clock
• Photonic flywheel in a monolithic fiber resonator
• First international comparison of fountain primary frequency standards via a long distance optical fiber link
• Demonstration of a time scale based on a stable optical carrier
• Robust spin squeezing via photon-mediated interactions on an optical clock transition
• Long term measurement of the ${}^{87}$Sr clock frequency at the limit of primary Cs clocks
• Lattice-induced photon scattering in an optical lattice clock
• Lorentz and CPT Tests with Clock-Comparison Experiments
• Optical-Clock-Based Time Scale
• Optical frequency ratio of a ${}^{171}{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ single-ion clock and a ${}^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$ lattice clock
• SI-traceable measurement of an optical frequency at low $10^{-16}$ level without a local primary standard
• The unit of time: present and future directions
• A strontium optical lattice clock with $1\times 10^{-17}$ uncertainty and measurement of its absolute frequency
• Single-ion, transportable optical atomic clocks
• Direct comparisons of European primary and secondary frequency standards via satellite techniques
• Demonstration of the nearly continuous operation of an ${}^{171}$Yb optical lattice clock for half a year
• Absolute frequency measurement with uncertainty below $1\times 10^{-15}$ using International Atomic Time
• Absolute frequency measurement of the ${}^2$S${}_{1/2}{\to }^2$F${}_{7/2}$ optical clock transition in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{+}$ with an uncertainty of $4\times 10^{-16}$ using a frequency link to International Atomic Time
• Passive Optical Phase Noise Cancellation
• Absolute frequency of ${}^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$ at $1.8\times 10^{-16}$ uncertainty by reference to remote Primary Frequency Standards
• Robust optical clock transitions in trapped ions
• Uncertainty evaluation of an ${}^{171}$Yb optical lattice clock at NMIJ
• Observation of an Inner-Shell Orbital Clock Transition in Neutral Ytterbium Atoms
• Coordinated international comparisons between optical clocks connected via fiber and satellite links
• Multi-node optical frequency dissemination with post automatic phase correction
• Magic polarization for light shift cancellation in two-photon optical clocks
• Generation of a precise time scale assisted by a near-continuously operating optical lattice clock
• Vapor-cell frequency reference for short-wavelength transitions in neutral calcium
• Cold Beam Optical Clock with Multifrequency Spectroscopy
• Absolute frequency measurements with a robust, transportable ^{40}Ca^{+} optical clock
• Heating rate measurement and characterization of a prototype surface-electrode trap for optical frequency metrology
• Potential and scientific requirements of optical clock networks for validating satellite gravity missions
• Cold Atoms in Space: Community Workshop Summary and Proposed Road-Map
• Progress on Optical Clock Technology for Operational Timescales
• Improved absolute frequency measurement of ${}^{171}$Yb at NMIJ with uncertainty below $2\times 10^{-16}$
• Simulation of optical lattice trap loading from a cold atomic ensemble
• A High-frequency Geodetic VLBI Experiment for Optical Clock Comparison
• The QTF-Backbone: Proposal for a Nationwide Optical Fibre Backbone in Germany for Quantum Technology and Time and Frequency Metrology