Frequency measurements of superradiance from the strontium clock transition

Abstract

We present the first characterization of the spectral properties of superradiant light emitted from the ultra-narrow, 1 mHz linewidth optical clock transition in an ensemble of cold ${}^{87}$Sr atoms. Such a light source has been proposed as a next-generation active atomic frequency reference, with the potential to enable high-precision optical frequency references to be used outside laboratory environments. By comparing the frequency of our superradiant source to that of a state-of-the-art cavity-stabilized laser and optical lattice clock, we observe a fractional Allan deviation of $6.7(1)\times 10^{-16}$ at 1 second of averaging, establish absolute accuracy at the 2 Hz ($4\times 10^{-15}$ fractional frequency) level, and demonstrate insensitivity to key environmental perturbations.

7 pages, 4 figures

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• Spontaneous formation of a macroscopically extended coherent state
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• Continuous multi-step pumping of the optical clock transition in alkaline-earth atoms with minimal perturbation
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• Coupling atoms to cavities with narrow linewidth optical transitions: Applications to frequency metrology
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• Exceptional Point Superradiant Lasing with Ultranarrow Linewidth
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