Cavity Sub- and Superradiance Enhanced Ramsey Spectroscopy

Abstract

Ramsey spectroscopy in large, dense ensembles of ultra-cold atoms trapped in optical lattices suffers from dipole-dipole interaction induced shifts and collective superradiance limiting its precision and accuracy. We propose a novel geometry implementing fast signal readout with minimal heating for large atom numbers at lower densities via an optical cavity operated in the weak single atom but strong collective coupling regime. The key idea is controlled collective transverse $\pi /2$-excitation of the atoms to prepare a macroscopic collective spin protected from cavity superradiance. This requires that the two halves of the atomic ensemble are coupled to the cavity mode with opposite phase, which is naturally realized for a homogeneously filled volume covering odd and even sites of the cavity mode along the cavity axis. The origin of the superior precision can be traced back to destructive interference among sub-ensembles in the complex nonlinear collective atom field dynamics. In the same configuration we find surprising regular self-pulsing of the cavity output for suitable continuous illumination. Our simulations for large atom numbers employing a cumulant expansion are qualitatively confirmed by a full quantum treatment of smaller ensembles.

8 pages, 7 figures

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• Stability and decay of subradiant patterns in a quantum gas with photon-mediated interactions
• Subradiance and Superradiant Long Range Excitation Transport among Quantum Emitter Ensembles in a Waveguide
• Dynamics of spin-momentum entanglement from superradiant phase transitions
• Restricted Monte Carlo wave function method and Lindblad equation for identifying entangling open-quantum-system dynamics
• Many-Body Entanglement in Solid-State Emitters
• Stability of macroscopic spin ensembles against inhomogeneous dephasing
• Conditional Entanglement Amplification via Non-Hermitian Superradiant Dynamics
• Quantum correlated steady states under competing collective and individual decay
• Demonstration of strong coupling of a subradiant atom array to a cavity vacuum
• Selective Preparation of Collective States in Coupled Quantum Emitters Using the SUPER Excitation Scheme