Conventional and unconventional Dicke models: Multistabilities and nonequilibrium dynamics

Abstract

The Dicke model describes the collective behavior of a sub-wavelength--size ensemble of two-level atoms (i.e., spin-1/2) interacting identically with a single quantized radiation field of a cavity. Across a critical coupling strength it exhibits a zero-temperature phase transition from the normal state to the superradiant phase where the field is populated and the collective spin acquires a nonzero $x$-component, which can be imagined as ferromagnetic ordering of the atomic spins along $x$. Here we introduce a variant of this model where two sub-wavelength--size ensembles of spins interact with a single quantized radiation field with different strengths. Subsequently, we restrict ourselves to a special case where the coupling strengths are opposite (which is unitarily equivalent to equal-coupling strengths). Due to the conservation of the total spin in each ensemble individually, the system supports two distinct superradiant states with $x$-ferromagnetic and $x$-ferrimagnetic spin ordering, coexisting with each other in a large parameter regime. The stability and dynamics of the system in the thermodynamic limit are examined using a semiclassical approach, which predicts non-stationary behaviors due to the multistabilities. At the end, we also perform small-scale full quantum-mechanical calculations, with results consistent with the semiclassical ones.

arXiv comment7+6 pages, 4+4 figures, 1 table; PRL accepted version

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• Fluctuation-Induced Bistability of Fermionic Atoms Coupled to a Dissipative Cavity
• Dynamics of spin-momentum entanglement from superradiant phase transitions
• Thermodynamics of coupled time crystals with an application to energy storage
• Moiré Superradiance in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Quantum Atom Gas
• Nonequilibrium Nonlinear Effects and Dynamical Boson Condensation in a Driven-Dissipative Wannier-Stark Lattice
• Phase transition, phase separation and mode softening of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical cavity
• Reconfigurable dissipative entanglement between many spin ensembles: from robust quantum sensing to many-body state engineering
• Quantum heat transport in nonequilibrium anisotropic Dicke model