Observation of mixed singlet-triplet Rb${}_2$ Rydberg molecules

Abstract

We present high-resolution spectroscopy of Rb${}_{\text{2}}$ ultralong-range Rydberg molecules bound by mixed singlet-triplet electron-neutral atom scattering. The mixing of the scattering channels is a consequence of the hyperfine interaction in the ground-state atom, as predicted recently by Anderson et al. \cite{Anderson2014b}. Our experimental data enables the determination of the effective zero-energy singlet $s$-wave scattering length for Rb. We show that an external magnetic field can tune the contributions of the singlet and the triplet scattering channels and therefore the binding energies of the observed molecules. This mixing of molecular states via the magnetic field results in observed shifts of the molecular line which differ from the Zeeman shift of the asymptotic atomic states. Finally, we calculate molecular potentials using a full diagonalization approach including the $p$-wave contribution and all orders in the relative momentum $k$, and compare the obtained molecular binding energies to the experimental data.

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• Photo-association of trilobite Rydberg molecules via resonant spin-orbit coupling
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• Alignment of s-state Rydberg molecules in magnetic fields
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• Non-adiabatic decay of Rydberg-atom-ion molecules
• An ultracold heavy Rydberg system formed from ultra-long-range molecules bound in a stairwell potential
• Rydberg optical Feshbach resonances in cold gases
• Measurement of the hyperfine coupling constant for $n{S}_{1/2}$ Rydberg states of ${}^{85}$Rb
• Non-adiabatic interaction effects in the spectra of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules
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• Charged ultralong-range Rydberg trimers
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• Internal diffraction dynamics of trilobite molecules
• Angular-Momentum Couplings in Ultra-Long-Range Giant Dipole Molecules
• Condensate losses and oscillations induced by Rydberg atoms