Production of trilobite Rydberg molecule dimers with thousand-Debye permanent electric dipole moments

Abstract

We observe that when an ultracold ground state cesium (Cs) atom becomes bound within the electronic cloud of an extended Cs electronic orbit, ultralong-range molecules with giant (kilo-Debye) permanent electric dipole moments form. Large molecular permanent electric dipole moments are challenging to experimentally realize. Meeting this challenge has garnered significant interest because permanent electric dipole moments are important for understanding symmetry breaking in molecular physics, control of chemical reactions and realization of strongly correlated many-body quantum systems. These new hybrid class of `trilobite' molecules are predominated with degenerate Rydberg manifolds, making them difficult to produce with conventional optical association. Their behavior is quantitatively reproduced with detailed coupled-channel calculations.

arXiv comment18 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Science on 2014-09-03; v2: "One-sentence summary" removed from title

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• Long-range Rydberg-atom-ion molecules of Rb and Cs
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• Probing Nonlocal Spatial Correlations in Quantum Gases with Ultra-long-range Rydberg Molecules
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• Heteronuclear long-range Rydberg molecules
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• Dressed ion-pair states of an ultralong-range Rydberg molecule
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• On the formation of van der Waals complexes through three-body recombination
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• Spin-Interaction Effects for Ultralong-range Rydberg Molecules in a Magnetic Field
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• Charge Transfer in Ultracold Rydberg-Ground State Atomic Collisions
• Photodissociation of long-range Rydberg molecules
• Electronic structure of ultralong-range Rydberg pentaatomic molecules with two polar diatomic molecules
• The effect of disorder on the phase diagrams of hard-core lattice bosons with cavity-mediated long-range and nearest-neighbor interactions
• Microwave photo-association of fine-structure-induced Rydberg $(n+2)D_{5/2}n{F}_J$ macro-dimer molecules of cesium
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• Long-range Rydberg molecule Rb${}_2$: Two-electron \textit{R}-matrix calculations at intermediate internuclear distances
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• $In$ $situ$ observation of non-polar to strongly polar atom-ion collision dynamics
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