Experimental characterization of singlet scattering channels in long-range Rydberg molecules

Abstract

We observe the formation of long-range Cs${}_2$ Rydberg molecules consisting of a Rydberg and a ground-state atom by photoassociation spectroscopy in an ultracold Cs gas near 6s${}_{1/2}$($F$=3,4)$\to$np${}_{3/2}$ resonances (n=26-34). The spectra reveal two types of molecular states recently predicted by D. A. Anderson, S. A. Miller, and G. Raithel [Phys. Rev. A 90, 062518 (2014)]: states bound purely by triplet s-wave scattering with binding energies ranging from 400 MHz at n=26 to 80 MHz at n=34, and states bound by mixed singlet-triplet s-wave scattering with smaller and F-dependent binding energies. The experimental observations are accounted for by an effective Hamiltonian including s-wave scattering pseudopotentials, the hyperfine interaction of the ground-state atom, and the spin-orbit interaction of the Rydberg atom. The analysis enabled the characterization of the role of singlet scattering in the formation of long-range Rydberg molecules and the determination of an effective singlet s-wave scattering length for low-energy electron-Cs collisions.

arXiv commentv2 with corrections and modifications - to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

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• Lifetimes of ultra-long-range strontium Rydberg molecules
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• Spin-Interaction Effects for Ultralong-range Rydberg Molecules in a Magnetic Field
• Alignment of s-state Rydberg molecules in magnetic fields
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• Formation of ultracold ion pairs through long-range Rydberg molecules
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• The building principle of triatomic trilobite Rydberg molecules
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• Charged ultralong-range Rydberg trimers
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• Angular-Momentum Couplings in Ultra-Long-Range Giant Dipole Molecules
• Measurements of the hyperfine structure of $n{P}_J$ Rydberg states by microwave spectroscopy in Cs atoms
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