Influence of a plasma on the shadow of a spherically symmetric black hole

Abstract

We analytically calculate the influence of a plasma on the shadow of a black hole (or of another compact object). We restrict to spherically symmetric and static situations, where the shadow is circular. The plasma is assumed to be non-magnetized and pressure-less. We derive the general formulas for a spherically symmetric plasma density on an unspecified spherically symmetric and static spacetime. The formalism applies not only to black holes but also, e.g., to wormholes. As examples for the underlying spacetime model, we consider the Schwarzschild spacetime and the Ellis wormhole. In particular, we treat the case that the plasma is in radial free fall from infinity onto a Schwarzschild black hole. The perspectives of actually observing the influence of a plasma on the shadows of supermassive black holes are discussed.

11 pages, 2 figures; minor reformulations, some references added

References in corpus (10)

• Event-horizon-scale structure in the supermassive black hole candidate at the Galactic Centre
• Optical properties of black hole in the presence of plasma: shadow
• Frequency-dependent effects of gravitational lensing within plasma
• Instability of wormholes supported by a ghost scalar field. I. Linear stability analysis
• Photon Regions and Shadows of Accelerated Black Holes
• Instability of wormholes supported by a ghost scalar field. II. Nonlinear evolution
• Gravitational Lensing by Spinning Black Holes in Astrophysics, and in the Movie Interstellar
• Gravitational lensing in a non-uniform plasma
• Gravitational radiospectrometer
• Black Hole Shadow Image and Visibility Analysis of Sagittarius A*

Cited by in corpus (222)

• Calculating black hole shadows: Review of analytical studies
• Shadow of rotating regular black holes
• Shadow of a black hole surrounded by dark matter
• Nonlinear electrodynamics effects on the black hole shadow, deflection angle, quasinormal modes and greybody factors
• Shadow cast and Deflection angle of Kerr-Newman-Kasuya spacetime
• Black hole shadow in an expanding universe with a cosmological constant
• Weak lensing in a plasma medium and gravitational deflection of massive particles using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. A unified treatment
• Light propagation in a plasma on Kerr spacetime: Separation of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and calculation of the shadow
• Strong deflection limit analysis and gravitational lensing of an Ellis wormhole
• Chaotic lensing around boson stars and Kerr black holes with scalar hair
• Shadow, lensing, quasinormal modes, greybody bounds and neutrino propagation by dyonic ModMax black holes
• Gravitational Lensing in presence of Plasma: Strong Lens Systems, Black Hole Lensing and Shadow
• Probing a nonlinear electrodynamics black hole with thin accretion disk, shadow and deflection angle with M87* and Sgr A* from EHT
• Charged 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-AdS Black Holes: Shadow, Energy Emission, Deflection Angle and Heat Engine
• Black Hole Shadow of Sgr A${}^{\ast }$ in Dark Matter Halo
• Shadow casted by a Konoplya-Zhidenko rotating non-Kerr black hole
• Rotating Black Hole Shadow in Perfect Fluid Dark Matter
• Image of the Janis-Newman-Winicour naked singularity with a thin accretion disk
• Analytical representation for metrics of scalarized Einstein-Maxwell black holes and their shadows
• Light curves of light rays passing through a wormhole
• On the shadow of rotating traversable wormholes
• Imprints of Dark Matter on Black Hole Shadows using Spherical Accretions
• Testing dynamical torsion effects on the charged black hole's shadow, deflection angle and greybody with M87* and Sgr. A* from EHT
• Light rings and shadows of static black holes in effective quantum gravity
• Quasiperiodic Oscillations, Quasinormal Modes and Shadows of Bardeen-Kiselev Black Holes
• Analytical calculation of black hole spin using deformation of the shadow
• Shadow and weak deflection angle of extended uncertainty principle black hole surrounded with dark matter
• Optical properties of Kerr-Newman spacetime in the presence of plasma
• Shadow and deflection angle of charged rotating black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter
• Testing Generalized Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama Gravity using Weak Deflection Angle and Shadow Cast
• Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet black holes: Analytical approximation for the metric and applications to calculations of shadows
• Shadow of a black hole at cosmological distance
• Axion-plasmon or magnetized plasma effect on an observable shadow and gravitational lensing of a Schwarzschild black hole
• Analytical correspondence between shadow radius and black hole quasinormal frequencies
• Shadow images of Kerr-like wormholes
• Higher order corrections to deflection angle of massive particles and light rays in plasma media for stationary spacetimes using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem
• Black Hole Shadow in Symmergent Gravity
• Strong gravitational lensing of a 4-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole in homogeneous plasma
• Shadow cast of non-commutative black holes in Rastall gravity
• Shadow, deflection angle and quasinormal modes of Born-Infeld charged black holes
• Shadows of Bonnor black dihole by chaotic lensing
• Shadow and quasinormal modes of the Kerr-Newman-Kiselev-Letelier black hole
• Shadow and deflection angle of rotating black hole in asymptotically safe gravity
• Chaotic shadow of a non-Kerr rotating compact object with quadrupole mass moment
• Investigating the Connection between Generalized Uncertainty Principle and Asymptotically Safe Gravity in Black Hole Signatures through Shadow and Quasinormal Modes
• Shadow of a Charged Rotating Non-Commutative Black Hole
• Quasiperiodic oscillations, weak field lensing and shadow cast around black holes in Symmergent gravity
• Revisiting the shadow of a black hole in the presence of a plasma
• Shadow and weak gravitational lensing of a rotating regular black hole in a non-minimally coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills theory in the presence of plasma
• Influence of a plasma on the observational signature of a high-spin Kerr black hole
• Testing Symmergent gravity through the shadow image and weak field photon deflection by a rotating black hole using the M87${}^{\ast }$ and Sgr. A${}^{\ast }$ results
• Black hole shadow as a standard ruler in cosmology
• Black hole in quantum wave dark matter
• Analytical study of higher-order ring images of accretion disk around black hole
• Finite distance corrections to the light deflection in a gravitational field with a plasma medium
• The shadow and photon sphere of the charged black hole in Rastall gravity
• Weak Gravitational Lensing in Dark Matter and Plasma Mediums for Wormhole-like Static Aether Solution
• Retrolensing by a wormhole at deflection angles $\pi$ and $3\pi$
• Gravitational lensing in dispersive media and deflection angle of charged massive particles in terms of curvature scalars and energy-momentum tensor
• Thermal Image and Phase Transitions of Charged AdS Black Holes using Shadow Analysis
• Shadows of black hole surrounded by anisotropic fluid in Rastall theory
• Gravitational lensing for a boosted Kerr black hole in the presence of plasma
• Weak gravitational lensing and shadow of a GUP-modified Schwarzschild black hole in the presence of plasma
• Gravitational lensing by magnetized compact object in the presence of plasma
• Probing the Effective Quantum Gravity via Quasinormal Modes and Shadows of Black Holes
• Shape of higher-order images of equatorial emission rings around a Schwarzschild black hole: Analytical description with polar curves
• 4D scale-dependent Schwarzschild-AdS/dS black holes: study of shadow and weak deflection angle and greybody bounding
• Shadow of a rotating squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole
• Motion of Particles and Gravitational Lensing Around (2+1)-dimensional BTZ black holes in Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• Constraints on charged Symmergent black hole from shadow and lensing
• Double shadow of a regular phantom black hole as photons couple to Weyl tensor
• Escape and Trapping of Low-Frequency Gravitationally Lensed Rays by Compact Objects within Plasma
• Kerr Black hole shadows in Melvin magnetic field with stable photon orbits
• Quantum effects on the black hole shadow and deflection angle in presence of plasma
• Black holes surrounded by Einstein clusters as models of dark matter fluid
• Extended source effect on microlensing light curves by an Ellis wormhole
• Light Ring behind Wormhole Throat: Geodesics, Images and Shadows
• Deflection of light rays by spherically symmetric black hole in dispersive medium
• First analytical calculation of black hole shadow in McVittie metric
• Black Hole Shadows in Verlinde's Emergent Gravity
• Generalized Extended Uncertainty Principle Black Holes: Shadow and lensing in the macro- and microscopic realms
• Gravitational Lensing of Rays through the Levitating Atmospheres of Compact Objects
• Shadow and greybody bounding of a regular scale-dependent black hole solution
• Study of circular geodesics and shadow of rotating charged black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter immersed in plasma
• Weak deflection angle by electrically and magnetically charged black holes from nonlinear electrodynamics
• Chaotic Shadows of Black Holes: A Short Review
• The Effect of Quark-antiquark Confinement on the Deflection Angle by the NED Black Hole
• Shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a Bach-Weyl ring
• Silhouettes of invisible black holes
• Black holes in dRGT massive gravity with the signature of EHT observations of M87*
• Shadows of rotating Hayward-de Sitter black holes with astrometric observables
• Shadows of Kerr black holes with a Gaussian-distributed plasma in the polar direction
• Acoustic black hole in Schwarzschild spacetime: quasi-normal modes, analogous Hawking radiation and shadows
• Rotating charged black holes shadow in quintessence
• Metamorphoses of a photon sphere
• Shadow of a charged black hole with scalar hair
• Nonlinearly charged black holes: Shadow and Thin-accretion disk
• Analytical study of light ray trajectories in Kerr spacetime in the presence of an inhomogeneous anisotropic plasma
• Gravitational lensing by using the 0th order of affine perturbation series of the deflection angle of a ray near a photon sphere
• Exploring Non--commutativity as a Perturbation in the Schwarzschild Black Hole: Quasinormal Modes, Scattering, and Shadows
• Hills and holes in the microlensing light curve due to plasma environment around gravitational lens
• Gravitational effect of plasma particles on the shadow of Schwarzschild black holes
• Weak Deflection Angle, Hawking Radiation and Greybody Bound of Reissner-Nordström Black Hole Corrected by Bounce Parameter
• Strong deflection limit analysis of black hole lensing in inhomogeneous plasma
• Probing Geometric Proca in Metric-Palatini Gravity with Black Hole Shadow and Photon Motion
• Shadow of black hole surrounded by magnetized plasma: Axion-plasmon cloud
• Photons trajectories on a first order scale-dependent static BTZ black hole
• Shadows of rotating Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton black holes surrounded by a plasma
• Null geodesics, quasinormal modes and the correspondence with shadows in high-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills spacetimes
• Deflection of Light and Shadow Cast by a Dual Charged Stringy Black Hole
• Effects of Homogeneous Plasma on Strong Gravitational Lensing of Kerr Black Holes
• General Approach on Shadow Radius and Photon Spheres in Asymptotically Flat Spacetimes and the Impact of Mass-Dependent Variations
• Possibility of Identifying Matter around Rotating Black Hole with Black Hole Shadow
• Study of Einstein-bumblebee gravity with Kerr-Sen-like solution in the presence of a dispersive medium
• Weak gravitational lensing: a compact object with arbitrary quadrupole moment immersed in plasma
• The effects of plasma on the magnification and time delay of strongly lensed fast radio bursts
• Analyzing the Influence of Geometrical Deformation on Photon Sphere and Shadow Radius: A New Analytical Approach -- Spherically Symmetric Spacetimes
• Constraints via the Event Horizon Telescope for Black Hole Solutions with Dark Matter under the Generalized Uncertainty Principle Minimal Length Scale Effect
• Thermodynamics and Optical Properties of Phantom AdS Black Holes in Massive Gravity
• Effect of magnetized plasma on shadow and gravitational lensing of a Reissner-Nordström black hole
• Light rings and shadows of static black holes in effective quantum gravity II: A new solution without Cauchy horizons
• Deflection angle evolution with plasma medium and without plasma medium in a parameterized black hole
• Optical appearance of a thin-shell wormhole with a Hayward profile
• Observational optical constraints of regular black holes
• Weak Deflection angle and Shadow by Tidal Charged Black Hole
• Probing Effective Loop Quantum Gravity on Weak Gravitational Lensing, Hawking Radiation and Bounding Greybody Factor by Black Holes
• Accretion of matter onto black holes in massive gravity with Lorentz symmetry breaking
• Gravitational lensing around Kehagias-Sfetsos compact objects surrounded by plasma
• The observer-dependent shadow of the Kerr black hole
• Effect of gravitational wave on shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole
• Qualifying ringdown and shadow of black holes under general parametrized metrics with photon orbits
• Dynamical Photon Spheres in Charged Black Holes and Naked Singularities
• Light Propagation in the vicinity of the ModMax black hole
• Ayón--Beato--García black hole coupled with a cloud of strings: thermodynamics, shadows and quasinormal modes
• GUP-corrected black holes: Thermodynamic properties, evaporation time and shadow constraint from EHT Observations of M87* and Sgr A*
• Strong deflection of massive particles in spherically symmetric spacetimes
• Ruppeiner Geometry of the RN-AdS Black Hole Using Shadow Formalism
• Weak Deflection Angle, Greybody Bound and Shadow for Charged Massive BTZ Black Hole
• Sachs equations for light bundles in a cold plasma
• Dynamics of null particles and shadow for general rotating black hole
• Light deflection by squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes in a plasma medium
• Shadow and weak deflection angle of a black hole in nonlocal gravity
• Exploring light deflection and black hole shadows in Rastall theory with plasma effects
• Probing a polymerized black hole with the frequency shifts of photons
• Non-commutativity in Hayward spacetime
• Time delay induced by plasma in strong lens systems
• Constraining a one-dimensional wave-type gravitational wave parameter through the shadow of M87* via Event Horizon Telescope
• Influence of plasma on the optical appearance of spinning black hole in Kalb-Ramond gravity and its Existence around M87* and Sgr A*
• Shadow of the wormholelike static aether solution
• Thin accretion disk images of the black hole in symmergent gravity
• Dark photon superradiance quenched by dark matter
• Determination of the spin parameter and the inclination angle by the relativistic images in black hole image
• Theory and phenomenology of a four dimensional string-corrected black hole
• Shadow of a noncommutative inspired Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg black hole
• High energy particle collisions in static, spherically symmetric black-hole-like wormholes
• Null and Timelike Geodesics Near the Throats of Phantom Scalar Field Wormholes
• Shadow of Kottler black hole in the presence of plasma for a co-moving observer
• A Critical Assessment of Black Hole Solutions With a Linear Term in Their Redshift Function
• The ring-shaped shadow of rotating naked singularity with a complete photon sphere
• Study of light deflection and shadow from a hairy black hole under the influence of the non-magnetic plasma
• Analyzing Deflection Angles and Photon Sphere Dynamics of Magnetically Charged Black Holes in Nonlinear Electrodynamic
• Comparative of light propagation in Born-Infeld, Euler-Heisenberg and ModMax nonlinear electrodynamics
• Optical Appearance and Shadow of Kalb-Ramond Black Hole: Effects of Plasma and Accretion Models
• Long-lived quasinormal modes, shadows and particle motion in four-dimensional quasi-topological gravity
• Effect of black hole--plasma system on light beams
• Influence of Quantum Correction on Kerr Black Hole in Effective Loop Quantum Gravity via Shadows and EHT Results
• Weak Gravitational Lensing in Ricci-Coupled Kalb-Ramond Bumblebee Gravity: Global Monopole and Axion-Plasmon Medium Effects
• Black Hole Shadow Observations with Space-Ground Interferometers
• Three-dimensional AdS black holes in massive-power-Maxwell theor
• Can we know about black hole thermodynamics through shadows?
• Shadows from spinning black holes in extended gravity
• Impact of the cosmic neutrino background on black hole superradiance
• Black Holes in Lorentz-Violating Gravity: Thermodynamics, Geometry, and Particle Dynamics
• Climbing out of the shadows: building the distance ladder with black hole images
• Regular Black Hole Models in the Transition from Baryonic Matter to Quark Matter
• Light Deflection in Plasma in the Hartle-Thorne Metric and in Other Axisymmetric Spacetimes with a Quadrupole Moment
• Photon propagation in a material medium on a curved spacetime
• Exploring millicharged dark matter components from the shadows
• Can shadows connect black hole microstructures?
• Deflection of light rays in a moving medium around a spherically symmetric gravitating object
• Analyzing the Influence of Geometrical Deformation on Photon Sphere and Shadow Radius: A New Analytical Approach -Stationary, and Axisymmetric Spacetime
• Escape, bound and capture geodesics in local static coordinates in Schwarzschild spacetime
• Black holes surrounded by massive vector fields in Kaluza-Klein gravity
• Charged black holes in quadratic gravity
• Optical images of the Kerr-Sen black hole and thin accretion disk
• Lensing Stability and Scattering Phenomena in Anisotropic Black Hole Spacetimes in Plasma
• The surface geometry and shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole with halo
• Shadow of axisymmetric, stationary and asymptotically flat black holes in the presence of plasma
• Gravitational Black Hole Shadow Spectroscopy
• Thermal and Optical Signatures of Einstein-Dyonic ModMax Black Holes with GUP and Plasma Modifications
• New look at AdS black holes with conformal scalar hair
• Shedding Light on Gravity: Black Hole Shadows and Lensing Signatures in Lorentz Gauge Theory
• Observational signatures of Rotating compact objects in Plasma space-time
• Ray Tracing Through Absorbing Dielectric Media in the Schwarzschild Spacetime
• Probing Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar Black hole via Thin Accretion Disks and Shadows with EHT Observations of M87* and Sgr A*
• Cosmological Constraints on 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity and Kaniadakis Holographic Dark Energy: Implications for Black Hole Shadows
• Boosted Kerr black hole in the presence of plasma
• Imprints of non-commutativity on charged black holes
• The role of elliptic integrals in calculating the gravitational lensing of a charged Weyl black hole surrounded by plasma
• Shadow and near-horizon characteristics of the acoustic charged black hole in curved spacetime
• General parametrization of wormhole spacetimes and its application to shadows and quasinormal modes
• Light propagation around a Kerr-like black hole immersed in an inhomogeneous anisotropic plasma in Rastall gravity: Analytical solutions to the equations of motion
• Shadows of a Non-Commutative Black Hole under the Influence of a Magnetized Plasma
• Optical and orbital characterization of spherically symmetric static black holes of self-gravitating new nonlinear electrodynamics model
• Shadows cast by a class of rotating black bounces with an anisotropic fluid
• Light propagation and quasinormal modes of a topologically charged Schwarzschild-Klinkhamer wormhole
• Revisiting The Gravitational Mirroring In Presence of Compact Objects
• Some perspective of thermodynamical and optical properties of black holes in Maxwell-dilaton-dRGT-like massive gravity
• Deciphering signatures of Kerr-Sen black holes in presence of plasma from the Event Horizon Telescope data
• Internal structure and its connection with thermodynamics and dynamics in black holes
• Thermodynamics, Shadow, and Quasinormal Modes of AdS Ayón--Beato--García Massive Black Hole
• Investigating the interplay of the braneworld gravity and the plasma environment on the black hole shadow
• Visible shapes of black holes M87* and SgrA*
• Analytical approach for calculating shadow of dynamical black hole
• Probing Weak-Force Corrections to Black Hole Geometry via Long Range Potentials: Feinberg-Sucher and Ferrer-Nowakowski Potentials
• Shadows of generalised Hayward spacetimes : in vacuum and with plasma
• Light deflection in axially symmetric stationary spacetimes filled with a moving medium
• Plasma-photon interaction in curved spacetime II: collisions, thermal corrections, and superradiant instabilities
• Redshift Spectroscopy as a Probe of Regular Black Holes, Black Bounces, and Scalar-Hair Compact Objects
• Revisiting the quasinormal modes of the Schwarzschild black hole: Numerical analysis
• Thermodynamics and optical aspects of ModMax black holes in higher order curvature gravity with quintessence dark energy
• Thermodynamics and orbital structure of anti-de Sitter black holes in Palatini-inspired nonlinear electrodynamics