Constraints on charged Symmergent black hole from shadow and lensing

Abstract

In this paper, we report on exact charged black hole solutions in symmergent gravity with Maxwell field. Symmergent gravity induces the gravitational constant $G$, quadratic curvature coefficient $c_{\mathrm{O}}$, and the vacuum energy $V_{\mathrm{O}}$ from the flat spacetime matter loops. In the limit in which all fields are degenerate in mass, the vacuum energy $V_{\mathrm{O}}$ can be expressed in terms of $G$ and $c_{\mathrm{O}}$. We parametrize deviation from this limit by a parameter $\hat{\alpha }$ such that the black hole spacetime is dS for $\hat{\alpha }<1$ and AdS for $\hat{\alpha }>1$. In our analysis, we study horizon formation, shadow cast and gravitational lensing as functions of the black hole charge, and find that there is an upper bound on the charge. At relatively low values of charge, applicable to astronomical black holes, we determine constraints on $c_{\mathrm{O}}$ and $\hat{\alpha }$ using the EHT data from Sgr. A* and M87*. We apply these constraints to reveal how the shadow radius behaves as the observer distance $r_O$ varies. It is revealed that black hole charge directly influences the shadow silhouette, but the symmergent parameters have a tenuous effect. We also explored the weak field regime by using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem to study the weak deflection angle caused by the M87* black hole. We have found that impact parameters comparable to the actual distance $D=16.8$ Mpc show the potential detectability of such an angle through advanced astronomical telescopes. Overall, our results provide new insights into the behavior of charged black holes in the context of symmergent gravity and offer a new way to test these theories against observational data.

20 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity, "Special Issue: Focus on Quantum Gravity Phenomenology in the Multi-Messenger Era: Challenges and Perspectives"

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• Probing Schwarzschild-like Black Holes in Metric-Affine Bumblebee Gravity with Accretion Disk, Deflection Angle, Greybody Bounds, and Neutrino Propagation
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• Conservation of distortion of gravitationally lensed images
• The Effect of Quark-antiquark Confinement on the Deflection Angle by the NED Black Hole
• Analyzing the Influence of Geometrical Deformation on Photon Sphere and Shadow Radius: A New Analytical Approach -- Spherically Symmetric Spacetimes
• Kerr-Newman Black Holes in Weyl-Cartan Theory: Shadows and EHT constraints
• Geodesic structure, shadow and optical appearance of black hole immersed in Chaplygin-like dark fluid
• Gravitational lensing of massive particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole
• Exploring light deflection and black hole shadows in Rastall theory with plasma effects
• Quasinormal Modes and Greybody Factors of Charged Symmergent Black Hole
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• Dyonic Einstein-Maxwell-scalar black holes: the cold, the hot and the plunge
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