Atom addition reactions in interstellar ice analogues

Abstract

This review paper summarizes the state-of-the-art in laboratory based interstellar ice chemistry. The focus is on atom addition reactions, illustrating how water, carbon dioxide and methanol can form in the solid state at astronomically relevant temperatures, and also the formation of more complex species such as hydroxylamine, an important prebiotic molecule, and glycolaldehyde, the smallest sugar, is discussed. These reactions are particularly relevant during the dark ages of star and planet formation, i.e., when the role of UV light is restricted. A quantitative characterization of such processes is only possible through dedicated laboratory studies, i.e., under full control of a large set of parameters such as temperature, atom-flux, and ice morphology. The resulting numbers, physical and chemical constants, e.g., barrier heights, reaction rates and branching ratios, provide information on the molecular processes at work and are needed as input for astrochemical models, in order to bridge the timescales typical for a laboratory setting to those needed to understand the evolutionary stages of the interstellar medium. Details of the experiments as well as the astrochemical impact of the results are discussed.

References in corpus (53)

• Observations of the Icy Universe
• Formation of methyl formate and other organic species in the warm-up phase of hot molecular cores
• The Spitzer ice legacy: Ice evolution from cores to protostars
• Formation rates of complex organics in UV irradiated CH3OH-rich ices I: Experiments
• A three-phase chemical model of hot cores: the formation of glycine
• Interstellar water chemistry: from laboratory to observations
• Testing grain-surface chemistry in massive hot-core regions
• Photodesorption of ices I: CO, N2 and CO2
• Detection of the simplest sugar, glycolaldehyde, in a solar-type protostar with ALMA
• Reaction Networks For Interstellar Chemical Modelling: Improvements and Challenges
• A Spitzer survey of mid-infrared molecular emission from protoplanetary disks I: Detection rates
• Desorption rates and sticking coefficients for CO and N2 interstellar ices
• Experimental evidence for Glycolaldehyde and Ethylene Glycol formation by surface hydrogenation of CO molecules under dense molecular cloud conditions
• Experimental evidence for water formation on interstellar dust grains by hydrogen and oxygen atoms
• Hot corinos in NGC1333-IRAS4B and IRAS2A
• Formation of hydrogen peroxide and water from the reaction of cold hydrogen atoms with solid oxygen at 10K
• The c2d Spitzer Spectroscopic Survey of Ices Around Low-Mass Young Stellar Objects. IV. NH3 and CH3OH
• CO ice photodesorption: A wavelength-dependent study
• Microscopic simulation of methanol and formaldehyde ice formation in cold dense cores
• A Unified Monte Carlo Treatment of Gas-Grain Chemistry for Large Reaction Networks. II. A Multiphase Gas-Surface-Layered Bulk Model
• Water formation at low temperatures by surface O2 hydrogenation II: the reaction network
• Spitzer Mid-infrared Spectroscopy of Ices Toward Extincted Background Stars
• Desorption of CO and O2 interstellar ice analogs
• Water formation at low temperatures by surface O2 hydrogenation I: characterization of ice penetration
• H-D Substitution in Interstellar Solid Methanol: A Key Route for D Enrichment
• Water Formation through a Quantum Tunneling Surface Reaction, OH + H2, at 10 K
• Experimental evidence for water formation via ozone hydrogenation on dust grains at 10 K
• First results from the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey. II. Resolving the hot corino in the Class 0 protostar NGC 1333-IRAS2A
• Quantification of segregation dynamics in ice mixtures
• Effects of CO2 on H2O band profiles and band strengths in mixed H2O:CO2 ices
• Indirect ultraviolet photodesorption from CO:N2 binary ices - an efficient grain-gas process
• Low Temperature Surface Formation of NH3 and HNCO: hydrogenation of nitrogen atoms in CO-rich interstellar ice analogues
• Wavelength-dependent UV photodesorption of pure N2 and O2 ices
• CO2 formation in quiescent clouds; an experimental study of the CO + OH pathway
• H-atom bombardment of CO2, HCOOH and CH3CHO containing ices
• Mobility of D atoms on porous amorphous water ice surfaces under interstellar conditions
• The effect of H2O on ice photochemistry
• Glycolaldehyde Formation via the Dimerisation of the Formyl Radical
• Molecular dynamics simulations of the ice temperature dependence of water ice photodesorption
• The thermal reactivity of HCN and NH3 in interstellar ice analogues
• On the formation of glycolaldehyde in dense molecular cores
• Gas-phase CO depletion and N2H+ abundances in starless cores
• A Unified Microscopic-Macroscopic Monte Carlo Simulation of Gas-Grain Chemistry in Cold Dense Interstellar Clouds
• Porosity measurements of interstellar ice mixtures using optical laser interference and extended effective medium approximations
• Interstellar Simulations Using A Unified Microscopic-Macroscopic Monte Carlo Model with a full Gas-Grain Network including Bulk Diffusion in Ice Mantles
• A Search for Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) toward Select Astronomical Sources
• Efficient Surface Formation Route of Interstellar Hydroxylamine through NO Hydrogenation II: the multilayer regime in interstellar relevant ices
• Molecular Dynamics Simulations of CO2 Formation in Interstellar Ices
• Formation of hydroxylamine on dust grains via ammonia oxidation
• Molecular dynamics simulations of D2O ice photodesorption
• On the relevance of the H2 + O reaction pathway for the surface formation of interstellar water - A combined experimental and modeling study
• Thermal H/D exchange in polar ice - deuteron scrambling in space
• Deuterium enrichment of ammonia produced by surface N+H/D addition reactions at low temperature

Cited by in corpus (76)

• 2021 Census of Interstellar, Circumstellar, Extragalactic, Protoplanetary Disk, and Exoplanetary Molecules
• 2018 Census of Interstellar, Circumstellar, Extragalactic, Protoplanetary Disk, and Exoplanetary Molecules
• H-atom addition and abstraction reactions in mixed CO, H2CO and CH3OH ices: an extended view on complex organic molecule formation
• Setting the volatile composition of (exo)planet-building material. Does chemical evolution in disk midplanes matter?
• Water in star-forming regions (WISH): Physics and chemistry from clouds to disks as probed by Herschel spectroscopy
• A non-energetic mechanism for glycine formation in the interstellar medium
• Formation of Glycerol through Hydrogenation of CO ice under Prestellar Core Conditions
• The ALMA-PILS survey: Detection of CH${}_3$NCO toward the low-mass protostar IRAS 16293-2422 and laboratory constraints on its formation
• Simultaneous Hydrogenation and UV-photolysis Experiments of NO in CO-rich Interstellar Ice Analogues; linking HNCO, OCN-, NH2CHO and NH2OH
• Reactivity of HCO with CH3 and NH2 on Water Ice Surfaces. A Comprehensive Accurate Quantum Chemistry Study
• Binding Energy of Molecules on Water Ice: Laboratory Measurements and Modeling
• Infrared spectra of complex organic molecules in astronomically relevant ice matrices. I. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, and dimethyl ether
• Formation of interstellar methanol ice prior to the heavy CO freeze-out stage
• Interstellar dimethyl ether gas-phase formation: a quantum chemistry and kinetics study
• Complex organic molecules in low-mass protostars on Solar System scales -- II. Nitrogen-bearing species
• Sulfur Ice Astrochemistry: A Review of Laboratory Studies
• LIDA - The Leiden Ice Database for Astrochemistry
• Astrochemistry: overview and challenges
• Formation of complex molecules in translucent clouds: Acetaldehyde, vinyl alcohol, ketene, and ethanol via nonenergetic processing of C2H2 ice
• The composition of hot Jupiter atmospheres assembled within chemically evolved protoplanetary discs
• Hydrogenation of accreting C-atoms and CO molecules -- simulating ketene and acetaldehyde formation under dark and translucent cloud conditions
• Laboratory and Computational Studies of Interstellar Ices
• Formation of interstellar propanal and 1-propanol ice: a pathway involving solid-state CO hydrogenation
• CoCCoA: Complex Chemistry in hot Cores with ALMA. Selected oxygen-bearing species
• A twist on the reaction of the CN radical with methylamine in the interstellar medium: new hints from a state-of-the-art quantum-chemical study
• Evidence of surface catalytic effect on cosmic dust grain analogues: the ammonia and carbon dioxide surface reaction
• Interstellar Glycolaldehyde, Methyl Formate, and Acetic Acid I: A Bi-modal Abundance Pattern in Star Forming Regions
• Formation of complex organic molecules in molecular clouds: acetaldehyde, vinyl alcohol, ketene, and ethanol via the "energetic" processing of C${}_2$H${}_2$ ice
• The Role of State-of-the-Art Quantum-Chemical Calculations in Astrochemistry: Formation Route and Spectroscopy of Ethanimine as a Paradigmatic Case
• Methanol ice co-desorption as a mechanism to explain cold methanol in the gas-phase
• A novel framework to study the impact of binding energy distributions on the chemistry of dust grains
• Neural-Network Assisted Study of Nitrogen Atom Dynamics on Amorphous Solid Water. I. Adsorption & Desorption
• Low-temperature Condensation of Carbon
• Linking ice and gas in the Serpens low-mass star-forming region
• A New "Non-energetic" Route to Complex Organic Molecules in Astrophysical Environments: The C + H${}_2$O $\to$ H${}_2$CO Solid-state Reaction
• ALMA Observations of the Spatial Distribution of three C${}_2$H${}_4$O${}_2$ Isomers towards Sgr B2(N)
• The quest for a plausible formation route of formyl cyanide in the interstellar medium: a state-of-the-art quantum-chemical and kinetic approach
• A cryogenic ice setup to simulate carbon atom reactions in interstellar ices
• Fitting infrared ice spectra with genetic modelling algorithms. Presenting the ENIIGMA fitting tool
• Study of Fischer-Tropsch Type reactions on chondritic meteorites
• Formation of S-bearing complex organic molecules in interstellar clouds via ice reactions with C2H2, HS, and atomic H
• Complex Organic Molecules in Star-Forming Regions of the Magellanic Clouds
• Extension of the HCOOH and CO2 solid-state reaction network during the CO freeze-out stage: inclusion of H2CO
• H2 chemistry in interstellar ices: the case of CO ice hydrogenation in UV irradiated CO:H2 ice mixtures
• The Role of Terahertz and Far-IR Spectroscopy in Understanding the Formation and Evolution of Interstellar Prebiotic Molecules
• Did life originate from low-temperature areas of the Universe?
• Methoxymethanol Formation Starting from CO-Hydrogenation
• Implementation of Rare Isotopologues into Machine Learning of the Chemical Inventory of the Solar-Type Protostellar Source IRAS 16293-2422
• Single-atom catalysis in space: Computational exploration of Fischer Tropsch reactions in astrophysical environments
• Thermal Desorption of H2O-Ice: From Nanoscale Films to the Bulk
• THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy of Mixed CO2-CH3OH Interstellar Ice Analogs
• Mechanism of Atomic Hydrogen Addition Reactions on np-ASW
• The formation of CO${}_2$ through consumption of gas-phase CO on vacuum-UV irradiated water ice
• Simple molecules and complex chemistry in a protoplanetary disk: A JWST investigation of the highly inclined disk d216-0939
• Molecular Mobility of Extraterrestrial Ices: Surface Diffusion in Astrochemistry and Planetary Science
• Resonant infrared irradiation of CO and CH3OH interstellar ices
• Exploring the chemistry induced by energetic processing of the H2-bearing, CO-rich apolar ice layer
• Laboratory-based sticking coefficients for ices on a variety of small grains analogs
• Photochemistry of interstellar ice forming Complex Organic Molecules
• Exploiting Network Topology for Accelerated Bayesian Inference of Grain Surface Reaction Networks
• H2S ice sublimation dynamics: experimentally constrained binding energies, entrapment efficiencies, and snowlines
• Systems Astrochemistry: A New Doctrine for Experimental Studies
• INFRA-ICE: an ultra-high vacuum experimental station for laboratory astrochemistry
• Measuring molecular abundances in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) using the APEX telescope
• A Molecular Line Survey around Orion at Low Frequencies with the MWA
• Isotopic fractionation in interstellar molecules
• Different molecular filament widths as tracers of accretion onto filaments
• Broadband infrared spectroscopy of methanol isotopologues in pure, H2O-rich, and CO-rich ice analogues
• On the chemistry of hydrides of N atoms and O${}^{+}$ ions
• On the Chemistry of the Young Massive Protostellar core NGC 2264 CMM3
• In situ characterization of volatile and refractory hydrocarbons produced by UV photolysis of interstellar C${}_2$H${}_2$ ice
• Interrelations between Astrochemistry and Galactic Dynamics
• TeraHertz Desorption Emission Spectroscopy (THz DES) of space relevant ices
• Experimental investigation of O2 diffusion and entrapment in interstellar amorphous solid water (ASW)
• Ice coverage of dust grains in cold astrophysical environments
• Using Statistical Emulation and Knowledge of Grain-Surface Diffusion for Bayesian Inference of Reaction Rate Parameters: An Application to a Glycine Network