Gate Tunable Quantum Oscillations in Air-Stable and High Mobility Few-Layer Phosphorene Heterostructures

Abstract

As the only non-carbon elemental layered allotrope, few-layer black phosphorus or phosphorene has emerged as a novel two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor with both high bulk mobility and a band gap. Here we report fabrication and transport measurements of phosphorene-hexagonal BN (hBN) heterostructures with one-dimensional (1D) edge contacts. These transistors are stable in ambient conditions for >300 hours, and display ambipolar behavior, a gate-dependent metal-insulator transition, and mobility up to 4000 $c{m}^2$/Vs. At low temperatures, we observe gate-tunable Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) magneto-oscillations and Zeeman splitting in magnetic field with an estimated g-factor ~2. The cyclotron mass of few-layer phosphorene holes is determined to increase from 0.25 to 0.31 $m_e$ as the Fermi level moves towards the valence band edge. Our results underscore the potential of few-layer phosphorene (FLP) as both a platform for novel 2D physics and an electronic material for semiconductor applications.

minor correction of typos, equations and references

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• Ambipolar Insulator-to-Metal Transition in Black Phosphorus by Ionic-Liquid Gating
• Low-Symmetry Two-Dimensional Materials for Electronic and Photonic Applications
• The Critical Role of Substrate in Stabilizing Phosphorene Nanoflake: A Theoretical Exploration
• Effects of extrinsic point defects in phosphorene: B, C, N, O and F Adatoms
• A Perspective on Recent Advances in Phosphorene Functionalization and its Application in Devices
• Performance Enhancement of Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors by Chemical Doping
• Anisotropic buckling of few-layer black phosphorus
• Monolayer black phosphorus by sequential wet-chemical surface oxidation
• Aharonov-Bohm effect in monolayer black phosphorus (phosphorene) nanorings
• Simulated scanning tunneling microscopy images of few-layer-phosphorus capped by graphene and hexagonal boron nitride monolayers
• Type-controlled Nanodevices Based on Encapsulated Few-layer Black Phosphorus for Quantum Transport