The spectral energy distribution of the redshift 7.1 quasar ULAS J1120+0641

Abstract

We present new observations of the highest-redshift quasar known, ULAS J1120+0641, redshift $z=7.084$, obtained in the optical, at near-, mid-, and far-infrared wavelengths, and in the sub-mm. We combine these results with published X-ray and radio observations to create the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED), with the goals of measuring the bolometric luminosity $L_{\mathrm{bol}}$, and quantifying the respective contributions from the AGN and star formation. We find three components are needed to fit the data over the wavelength range $0.12-1000\mu$m: the unobscured quasar accretion disk and broad-line region, a dusty clumpy AGN torus, and a cool 47K modified black body to characterise star formation. Despite the low signal-to-noise ratio of the new long-wavelength data, the normalisation of any dusty torus model is constrained within $\pm 40\%$. We measure a bolometric luminosity $L_{\mathrm{bol}}=2.6\pm 0.6\times 10^{47}$ergs${}^{-1}=6.7\pm 1.6\times 10^{13}{L}_{\odot }$, to which the three components contribute $31\%,32\%,3\%$, respectively, with the remainder provided by the extreme UV $<0.12\mu$m. We tabulate the best-fit model SED. We use local scaling relations to estimate a star formation rate (SFR) in the range $60-270{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$/yr from the [C$\mathrm{II}$] line luminosity and the $158\mu$m continuum luminosity. An analysis of the equivalent widths of the [C$\mathrm{II}$] line in a sample of $z>5.7$ quasars suggests that these indicators are promising tools for estimating the SFR in high-redshift quasars in general. At the time observed the black hole was growing in mass more than 100 times faster than the stellar bulge, relative to the mass ratio measured in the local universe, i.e. compared to $M_{\mathrm{BH}}/M_{\mathrm{bulge}}\simeq 1.4\times 10^{-3}$, for ULAS J1120+0641 we measure ${\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}/{\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{bulge}}\simeq 0.2$.

Accepted for publication in A&A. 10 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables

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• Supermassive Black Holes at High Redshift are Expected to be Obscured by their Massive Host Galaxies' Inter Stellar Medium
• Dust-Deficient Palomar-Green Quasars and the Diversity of AGN Intrinsic IR Emission
• On the Accretion Rates and Radiative Efficiencies of the Highest Redshift Quasars
• Mapping the Lyman-Alpha Emission Around a z~6.6 QSO with MUSE: Extended Emission and a Companion at Close Separation
• Host galaxies of high-redshift quasars: supermassive black hole growth and feedback
• Observations of the Lyman series forest towards the redshift 7.1 quasar ULAS J1120+0641
• Rimmed and Rippled Accretion Disc Models to Explain AGN Continuum Lags
• Non-equilibrium temperature evolution of ionization fronts during the Epoch of Reionization
• SMBH growth parameters in the early Universe of Millennium and Millennium-II simulations
• HYPERION: broad-band X-ray-to-near-infrared emission of Quasars in the first billion years of the Universe