Fully gapped topological surface states in Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ films induced by a d-wave high-temperature superconductor

Abstract

Topological insulators are a new class of materials, that exhibit robust gapless surface states protected by time-reversal symmetry. The interplay between such symmetry-protected topological surface states and symmetry-broken states (e.g. superconductivity) provides a platform for exploring novel quantum phenomena and new functionalities, such as 1D chiral or helical gapless Majorana fermions, and Majorana zero modes which may find application in fault-tolerant quantum computation. Inducing superconductivity on topological surface states is a prerequisite for their experimental realization. Here by growing high quality topological insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ films on a d-wave superconductor Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$ using molecular beam epitaxy, we are able to induce high temperature superconductivity on the surface states of Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ films with a large pairing gap up to 15 meV. Interestingly, distinct from the d-wave pairing of Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$, the proximity-induced gap on the surface states is nearly isotropic and consistent with predominant s-wave pairing as revealed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our work could provide a critical step toward the realization of the long sought-after Majorana zero modes.

Nature Physics, DOI:10.1038/nphys2744

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