Observation of Dirac plasmons in a topological insulator

Abstract

Plasmons are the quantized collective oscillations of electrons in metals and doped semiconductors. The plasmons of ordinary, massive electrons are since a long time basic ingredients of research in plasmonics and in optical metamaterials. Plasmons of massless Dirac electrons were instead recently observed in a purely two-dimensional electron system (2DEG)like graphene, and their properties are promising for new tunable plasmonic metamaterials in the terahertz and the mid-infrared frequency range. Dirac quasi-particles are known to exist also in the two-dimensional electron gas which forms at the surface of topological insulators due to a strong spin-orbit interaction. Therefore,one may look for their collective excitations by using infrared spectroscopy. Here we first report evidence of plasmonic excitations in a topological insulator (Bi2Se3), that was engineered in thin micro-ribbon arrays of different width W and period 2W to select suitable values of the plasmon wavevector k. Their lineshape was found to be extremely robust vs. temperature between 6 and 300 K, as one may expect for the excitations of topological carriers. Moreover, by changing W and measuring in the terahertz range the plasmonic frequency vP vs. k we could show, without using any fitting parameter, that the dispersion curve is in quantitative agreement with that predicted for Dirac plasmons.

11 pages, 3 figures, published in Nature Nanotechnology (2013)

References in corpus (8)

• Superconducting proximity effect and Majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator
• Topological Field Theory of Time-Reversal Invariant Insulators
• Graphene plasmonics
• Mid-infrared plasmons in scaled graphene nanostructures
• Electrically detected interferometry of Majorana fermions in a topological insulator
• Collective modes of the massless Dirac plasma
• Epitaxial growth of topological insulator Bi2Se3 film on Si(111) with atomically sharp interface
• Electron-phonon Coupling on the Surface of the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3: Determined from Surface Phonon Dispersion Measurements

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