A quantum many-body spin system in an optical lattice clock

Abstract

Strongly interacting quantum many-body systems are fundamentally compelling and ubiquitous in science. However, their complexity generally prevents exact solutions of their dynamics. Precisely engineered ultracold atomic gases are emerging as a powerful tool to unravel these challenging physical problems. Here we present a new laboratory for the study of many-body effects: strongly interacting two-level systems formed by the clock states in ${}^{87}$Sr, which are used to realize a neutral atom optical clock that performs at the highest level of optical-atomic coherence and with precision near the limit set by quantum fluctuations. Our measurements of the collective spin evolution reveal signatures of many-body dynamics, including beyond-mean-field effects. We derive a many-body Hamiltonian that describes the experimental observation of severely distorted lineshapes, atomic spin coherence decay, density-dependent frequency shifts, and correlated quantum spin noise. These investigations open the door to exploring quantum many-body effects and entanglement in quantum systems with optical energy splittings, using highly coherent and precisely controlled optical lattice clocks.

21 pages, 6 figures

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• Quantum Simulators: Architectures and Opportunities
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• Resolving the gravitational redshift within a millimeter atomic sample
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• Ultracold Fermi Gases with Emergent SU(N) Symmetry
• JILA SrI Optical Lattice Clock with Uncertainty of $2.0\times 10^{-18}$
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• Many-body dynamics of dipolar molecules in an optical lattice
• Imaging optical frequencies with 100 $\mu$Hz precision and 1.1 $\mu$m resolution
• Enhanced metrology at the critical point of a many-body Rydberg atomic system
• High precision differential clock comparisons with a multiplexed optical lattice clock
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• Synthetic spin-orbit coupling in an optical lattice clock
• Observation of a Transition Between Dynamical Phases in a Quantum Degenerate Fermi Gas
• Nonlinear quantum metrology of many-body open systems
• Frequency measurements of superradiance from the strontium clock transition
• Quantum correlations and entanglement in far-from-equilibrium spin systems
• Strongly interacting ultracold polar molecules
• Magnetic crystals and helical liquids in alkaline-earth fermionic gases
• Relaxation of an isolated dipolar-interacting Rydberg quantum spin system
• Spin squeezing with short-range spin-exchange interactions
• Shattered Time: Can a Dissipative Time Crystal Survive Many-Body Correlations?
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• State-dependent optical lattices for the strontium optical qubit
• Ultra-stable laser with average fractional frequency drift rate below $5\times 10^{-19}/\mathrm{s}$
• Photon blockade with ground-state neutral atoms
• Tunable itinerant spin dynamics with polar molecules
• Robust spin squeezing via photon-mediated interactions on an optical clock transition
• Laser-induced Kondo effect in ultracold alkaline-earth fermions
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• Dynamics of interacting fermions under spin-orbit coupling in an optical lattice clock
• Dissipative Quantum Metrology with Spin Cat States
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• Dynamics of correlations in two-dimensional quantum spin models with long-range interactions: A phase-space Monte-Carlo study
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• Optical Feshbach resonances: Field-dressed theory and comparison with experiments
• Hamiltonian engineering of spin-orbit coupled fermions in a Wannier-Stark optical lattice clock
• Generalized mean-field approach to simulate large dissipative spin ensembles with long range interactions
• Realization of a Rydberg-dressed Ramsey interferometer and electrometer
• Optimized geometries for future generation optical lattice clocks
• Cavity assisted single- and two-mode spin-squeezed states via phase-locked atom-photon coupling
• Conditional Ramsey Spectroscopy with Synchronized Atoms
• Thermometry via Light Shifts in Optical Lattices
• Reservoir spectroscopy of 5s5p ${}^3$P${}_2$ - 5s$n$d ${}^3$D${}_{1,2,3}$ transitions in strontium
• Engineering spin squeezing in a 3D optical lattice with interacting spin-orbit-coupled fermions
• Interaction Control of Ultracold Alkaline-Earth Atoms
• Clock spectroscopy of interacting bosons in deep optical lattices
• Cavity-enhanced optical lattices for scaling neutral atom quantum technologies to higher qubit numbers
• Non-linear Spectroscopy of Sr Atoms in an Optical Cavity for Laser Stabilization
• Observation of unitary p-wave interactions between fermions in an optical lattice
• Atomic Properties of Lu${}^{+}$
• Observation of Motion Dependent Nonlinear Dispersion with Narrow Linewidth Atoms in an Optical Cavity
• Doubly Modulated Optical Lattice Clock Interference and Topology
• Optical lattice clocks with weakly bound molecules
• Dynamics of interacting fermions in spin-dependent potentials
• Classification of Spin-Nematic Squeezing in Spin-1 Collective Atomic Systems
• Evaporative cooling of reactive polar molecules confined in a two-dimensional geometry
• Realizing Exactly Solvable SU(N) Magnets with Thermal Atoms
• Technology for the next gravitational wave detectors
• Creating a tunable spin squeezing via a time-dependent collective atom-photon coupling
• Quantum engineering of atomic phase-shifts in optical clocks
• Doppler Spectroscopy of an Ytterbium Bose-Einstein Condensate on the Clock Transition
• Observing spin-squeezed states under spin-exchange collisions for a second
• Magneto-optical trap of a Group III atom
• Violent relaxation in quantum fluids with long-range interactions
• Effective many-body parameters for atoms in non-separable Gaussian optical potentials
• Time-domain Ramsey interferometry with interacting Rydberg atoms
• Multiparameter estimation via an ensemble of spinor atoms
• Cancellation of Collisional Frequency Shifts in Optical Lattice Clocks with Rabi Spectroscopy
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• An energy-resolved atomic scanning probe
• Active Frequency Measurement on Superradiant Strontium Clock Transitions
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• Long 48-cm ULE cavities in vertical and horizontal orientations for Sr optical clock
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• The frequency of the ultranarrow ${}^1{\text{S}}_0-{}^3{\text{P}}_2$ transition in ${}^{87}\text{Sr}$
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• Microscope objective for imaging atomic strontium with 0.63 micrometer resolution
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• Self-Ordered Supersolid in Spinor Condensates with Cavity-Mediated Spin-Momentum-Mixing Interactions
• Experimental study of tune-out wavelengths for spin-dependent optical lattice in ${}^{87}$Rb Bose-Einstein condensation
• Ramsey interferometry of Rydberg ensembles inside microwave cavities
• Electric dipoles on the Bloch sphere
• Sub-Doppler cooling, state preparation, and optical trapping of a triel atom