Process verification of two-qubit quantum gates by randomized benchmarking

Abstract

We implement a complete randomized benchmarking protocol on a system of two superconducting qubits. The protocol consists of randomizing over gates in the Clifford group, which experimentally are generated via an improved two-qubit cross-resonance gate implementation and single-qubit unitaries. From this we extract an optimal average error per Clifford of 0.0936. We also perform an interleaved experiment, alternating our optimal two-qubit gate with random two-qubit Clifford gates, to obtain a two-qubit gate error of 0.0653. We compare these values with a two-qubit gate error of ~0.12 obtained from quantum process tomography, which is likely limited by state preparation and measurement errors.

4 figures plus supplementary material

References in corpus (26)

• Quantum Mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a haystack
• Cavity quantum electrodynamics for superconducting electrical circuits: an architecture for quantum computation
• Improved Simulation of Stabilizer Circuits
• Coupling Superconducting Qubits via a Cavity Bus
• NMR Techniques for Quantum Control and Computation
• Observation of high coherence in Josephson junction qubits measured in a three-dimensional circuit QED architecture
• Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Gates
• Prescription for experimental determination of the dynamics of a quantum black box
• Simple pulses for elimination of leakage in weakly nonlinear qubits
• Robust randomized benchmarking of quantum processes
• Complete Characterization of a Quantum Process: the Two-Bit Quantum Gate
• Scalable Noise Estimation with Random Unitary Operators
• A simple all-microwave entangling gate for fixed-frequency superconducting qubits
• Efficient measurement of quantum gate error by interleaved randomized benchmarking
• Complete universal quantum gate set approaching fault-tolerant thresholds with superconducting qubits
• Characterization of addressability by simultaneous randomized benchmarking
• Randomized benchmarking and process tomography for gate errors in a solid-state qubit
• Loss and decoherence due to stray infrared light in superconducting quantum circuits
• Implementing optimal control pulse shaping for improved single-qubit gates
• Single-qubit-gate error below 10^-4 in a trapped ion
• Protecting superconducting qubits from external sources of loss and heat
• Microwave-induced coupling of superconducting qubits
• Randomized Benchmarking of Multi-Qubit Gates
• Randomized benchmarking of single and multi-qubit control in liquid-state NMR quantum information processing
• Randomized benchmarking of atomic qubits in an optical lattice
• Selective darkening of degenerate transitions for implementing quantum controlled-NOT gates

Cited by in corpus (141)

• Supervised learning with quantum enhanced feature spaces
• Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
• A Quantum Engineer's Guide to Superconducting Qubits
• Logic gates at the surface code threshold: Superconducting qubits poised for fault-tolerant quantum computing
• Quantum information processing with superconducting circuits: a review
• Extending the computational reach of a noisy superconducting quantum processor
• Detecting arbitrary quantum errors via stabilizer measurements on a sublattice of the surface code
• Procedure for systematically tuning up crosstalk in the cross resonance gate
• Superconducting Quantum Computing: A Review
• Digital quantum simulation of fermionic models with a superconducting circuit
• Demonstrating a Continuous Set of Two-qubit Gates for Near-term Quantum Algorithms
• Demonstration of Universal Parametric Entangling Gates on a Multi-Qubit Lattice
• Implementing a strand of a scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing fabric
• Realization of high-fidelity CZ and ZZ-free iSWAP gates with a tunable coupler
• Digital quantum simulation of spin models with circuit quantum electrodynamics
• Optimal quantum control using randomized benchmarking
• Experimental demonstration of fault-tolerant state preparation with superconducting qubits
• Quantum attacks on Bitcoin, and how to protect against them
• Gate Set Tomography
• Demonstration of weight-four parity measurements in the surface code architecture
• Tunable Coupling Architecture for Fixed-frequency Transmons
• Demonstration of a High-Fidelity CNOT for Fixed-Frequency Transmons with Engineered ZZ Suppression
• Three Qubit Randomized Benchmarking
• Suppression of crosstalk in superconducting qubits using dynamical decoupling
• Fluxonium: an alternative qubit platform for high-fidelity operations
• Implementation of Conditional-Phase Gates based on tunable ZZ-Interactions
• Experimental demonstration of a resonator-induced phase gate in a multi-qubit circuit QED system
• Reducing unitary and spectator errors in cross resonance with optimized rotary echoes
• High-Fidelity, Frequency-Flexible Two-Qubit Fluxonium Gates with a Transmon Coupler
• First-principles analysis of cross-resonance gate operation
• Quantum state preparation, tomography, and entanglement of mechanical oscillators
• Investigating the limits of randomized benchmarking protocols
• Microwave-activated conditional-phase gate for superconducting qubits
• Benchmarking Gate Fidelities in a Si/SiGe Two-Qubit Device
• Comparing Experiments to the Fault-Tolerance Threshold
• What randomized benchmarking actually measures
• High fidelity two-qubit gates on fluxoniums using a tunable coupler
• Direct randomized benchmarking for multi-qubit devices
• Suppression of Unwanted $ZZ$ Interactions in a Hybrid Two-Qubit System
• Scaling of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm on superconducting qubit based hardware
• Operation and intrinsic error budget of a two-qubit cross-resonance gate
• Mitigating realistic noise in practical noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices
• Observation of topological Uhlmann phases with superconducting qubits
• Qubit metrology of ultralow phase noise using randomized benchmarking
• Scalable High-Performance Fluxonium Quantum Processor
• Randomized benchmarking with gate-dependent noise
• Scalable randomized benchmarking of non-Clifford gates
• The cost of universality: A comparative study of the overhead of state distillation and code switching with color codes
• Efficient unitary designs with nearly time-independent Hamiltonian dynamics
• Improved success probability with greater circuit depth for the quantum approximate optimization algorithm
• Calibration of the cross-resonance two-qubit gate between directly-coupled transmons
• Integrated tool-set for Control, Calibration and Characterization of quantum devices applied to superconducting qubits
• Relaxing Hardware Requirements for Surface Code Circuits using Time-dynamics
• Demonstration of a Parametrically-Activated Entangling Gate Protected from Flux Noise
• Optimized pulse shapes for a resonator-induced phase gate
• Compressed sensing quantum process tomography for superconducting quantum gates
• Fast logic with slow qubits: microwave-activated controlled-Z gate on low-frequency fluxoniums
• Characterization of Leakage Errors via Randomized Benchmarking
• Tomography via Correlation of Noisy Measurement Records
• Counteracting systems of diabaticities using DRAG controls: The status after 10 years
• Coupling a single electron spin to a microwave resonator: Controlling transverse and longitudinal couplings
• A Data-Driven Gradient Algorithm for High-Precision Quantum Control
• Dynamical Magic Transitions in Monitored Clifford+T Circuits
• Fast parametric two-qubit gates with suppressed residual interaction using a parity-violated superconducting qubit
• Gate-error analysis in simulations of quantum computers with transmon qubits
• Demonstration of an All-Microwave Controlled-Phase Gate between Far Detuned Qubits
• Accelerated Randomized Benchmarking
• Augmenting Density Matrix Renormalization Group with Clifford Circuits
• Application-Motivated, Holistic Benchmarking of a Full Quantum Computing Stack
• Bounding the average gate fidelity of composite channels using the unitarity
• Realization of High-Fidelity CZ Gate based on a Double-Transmon Coupler
• Quantum circuits for exact unitary $t$-designs and applications to higher-order randomized benchmarking
• Experimental benchmarking of an automated deterministic error suppression workflow for quantum algorithms
• Unitary $2$-designs from random $X$- and $Z$-diagonal unitaries
• A complete Randomized Benchmarking Protocol accounting for Leakage Errors
• Transport and entanglement growth in long-range random Clifford circuits
• Rolling quantum dice with a superconducting qubit
• From randomized benchmarking experiments to gateset circuit fidelity: how to interpret randomized benchmarking decay parameters
• Kinetically Constrained Quantum Dynamics in Superconducting Circuits
• Minimum quantum run-time characterization and calibration via restless measurements with dynamic repetition rates
• Bootstrapping quantum process tomography via a perturbative ansatz
• Optimization of Clifford Circuits
• ZZ freedom in two qubit gates
• Experimental implementation of non-Clifford interleaved randomized benchmarking with a controlled-S gate
• Entanglement and Quantum Error Correction with Superconducting Qubits
• Concise analytic solutions to the quantum Rabi model with two arbitrary qubits
• High-Fidelity Control of Superconducting Qubits Using Direct Microwave Synthesis in Higher Nyquist Zones
• Evaluation of Parameterized Quantum Circuits with Cross-Resonance Pulse-Driven Entanglers
• Krylov complexity and Trotter transitions in unitary circuit dynamics
• Testing platform-independent quantum error mitigation on noisy quantum computers
• A Practical Introduction to Benchmarking and Characterization of Quantum Computers
• Growth of genuine multipartite entanglement in random unitary circuits
• Extensible 3D architecture for superconducting quantum computing
• PANSATZ: Pulse-based Ansatz for Variational Quantum Algorithms
• CNOT gates for fluxonium qubits via selective darkening of transitions
• Squeezing and quantum approximate optimization
• Hybrid benchmarking of arbitrary quantum gates
• Stochastic Master Equation Analysis of Optimized Three-Qubit Nondemolition Parity Measurement
• High-speed calibration and characterization of superconducting quantum processors without qubit reset
• Optimal quantum control via genetic algorithms for quantum state engineering in driven-resonator mediated networks
• Impact of decoherence on the fidelity of quantum gates leaving the computational subspace
• Randomized Benchmarking as Convolution: Fourier Analysis of Gate Dependent Errors
• High-precision pulse calibration of tunable couplers for high-fidelity two-qubit gates in superconducting quantum processors
• Closing a quantum feedback loop inside a cryostat: Autonomous state preparation and long-time memory of a superconducting qubit
• A Toffoli Gate Decomposition via Echoed Cross-Resonance Gates
• Experimental Implementation of Efficient Quantum Pseudorandomness on a 12-spin System
• Reinforcement learning pulses for transmon qubit entangling gates
• Exploiting dynamic quantum circuits in a quantum algorithm with superconducting qubits
• Fast and differentiable simulation of driven quantum systems
• Disentangling critical quantum spin chains with Clifford circuits
• Engineering Cross Resonance Interaction in Multi-modal Quantum Circuits
• Classical-Quantum Noise Mitigation for NISQ Hardware
• Randomized Benchmarking of Clifford Operators
• Optimal realization of Yang-Baxter gate on quantum computers
• Comparing randomized benchmarking figure with average infidelity of quantum gate-set
• Multi-Qubit Joint Measurements in Circuit QED: Stochastic Master Equation Analysis
• Microwave-activated gates between a fluxonium and a transmon qubit
• Synthesis of CNOT-Dihedral circuits with optimal number of two qubit gates
• Remote Cross-resonance Gate between Superconducting Fixed-frequency Qubits
• Coherent randomized benchmarking
• Realization of Constant-Depth Fan-Out with Real-Time Feedforward on a Superconducting Quantum Processor
• A trace distance-based geometric analysis of the stabilizer polytope for few-qubit systems
• Verifying the analogy between transversely coupled spin-1/2 systems and inductively-coupled fluxoniums
• Generic Entanglement Entropy for Quantum States with Symmetry
• Fast generation of Pauli transfer matrices utilizing tensor product structure
• On the role of the basis of measurement in quantum gate teleportation
• Measurement-based interleaved randomised benchmarking using IBM processors
• A Theory of Direct Randomized Benchmarking
• Quantum Speed Limits from Symmetries in Quantum Control
• Cross-resonance control of an oscillator with an auxiliary fluxonium qubit
• Recovery of damaged information via scrambling in indefinite casual order
• Characteristics, Implementation and Applications of Special Perfect Entangler Circuits
• Partial randomized benchmarking
• Clifford group restricted eavesdroppers in quantum key distribution
• An Economic Model for Quantum Key-Recovery Attacks against Ideal Ciphers
• Quantum conditional mutual information as a probe of measurement-induced entanglement phase transitions
• Blind-spots of Randomized Benchmarking Under Temporal Correlations
• Quantum Computation
• Parity Cross-Resonance: A Multiqubit Gate
• Simulated Randomized Benchmarking of a Dynamically Corrected Cross-Resonance Gate
• Construction of controlled-NOT gate based on microwave-activated phase (MAP) gate in two transmon system