Pre-Discovery 2007 Image of the HR 8799 Planetary System

Abstract

We present a pre-discovery H-band image of the HR 8799 planetary system that reveals all three planets in August 2007. The data were obtained with the Keck adaptive optics system, using angular differential imaging and a coronagraph. We confirm the physical association of all three planets, including HR 8799d, which had only been detected in 2008 images taken two months apart, and whose association with HR 8799 was least secure until now. We confirm that the planets are 2-3 mag fainter than field brown dwarfs of comparable near-infrared colors. We note that similar under-luminosity is characteristic of young substellar objects at the L/T spectral type transition, and is likely due to enhanced dust content and non-equilibrium CO/CH_4 chemistry in their atmospheres. Finally, we place an upper limit of 18 mag per square arc second on the >120 AU H-band dust-scattered light from the HR 8799 debris disk. The upper limit on the integrated scattered light flux is 1e-4 times the photospheric level, 24 times fainter than the debris ring around HR 4796A.

ApJ Letters, in press; 13 pages, 3 figures, 1 table

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Cited by in corpus (37)

• Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets
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• Direct Imaging of a Cold Jovian Exoplanet in Orbit around the Sun-like Star GJ 504
• The Formation and Early Evolution of Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs
• Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Extrasolar Planet HR 8799 b
• Simultaneous Detection of Water, Methane and Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere of Exoplanet HR8799b
• First Light LBT AO Images of HR 8799 bcde at 1.65 and 3.3 Microns: New Discrepancies between Young Planets and Old Brown Dwarfs
• Direct Imaging Confirmation and Characterization of a Dust-Enshrouded Candidate Exoplanet Orbiting Fomalhaut
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• Atmospheric Retrieval Analysis of the Directly Imaged Exoplanet HR 8799b
• 3-D selection of 167 sub-stellar companions to nearby stars
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• Spectroscopic characterization of HD 95086 b with the Gemini Planet Imager
• Application of a damped Locally Optimized Combination of Images method to the spectral characterization of faint companions using an Integral Field Spectrograph
• Multiple mean motion resonances in the HR 8799 planetary system
• Astrometric Monitoring of the HR 8799 Planets: Orbit Constraints from Self-Consistent Measurements
• VLT/SPHERE robust astrometry of the HR8799 planets at milliarcsecond-level accuracy Orbital architecture analysis with PyAstrOFit
• A Direct Imaging Survey of Spitzer detected debris disks: Occurrence of giant planets in dusty systems
• LBT observations of the HR 8799 planetary system: First detection of HR8799e in H band
• Locating the planetesimals belts in the multiple-planet systems HD 128311, HD 202206, HD 82943 and HR 8799
• Direct Imaging Discovery and Dynamical Mass of a Substellar Companion Orbiting an Accelerating Hyades Sun-like Star with SCExAO/CHARIS
• The LEECH Exoplanet Imaging Survey. Further constraints on the planet architecture of the HR 8799 system
• Direct Detection and Orbit Analysis of the Exoplanets HR 8799 bcd from Archival 2005 Keck/NIRC2 Data
• Adaptive Optics imaging of VHS 1256-1257: A Low Mass Companion to a Brown Dwarf Binary System
• Four-of-a-kind? Comprehensive atmospheric characterisation of the HR 8799 planets with VLTI/GRAVITY
• JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Planetary Mass Companion TWA 27B
• An exact, generalised Laplace resonance in the HR 8799 planetary system
• Methane in Analogs of Young Directly Imaged Exoplanets
• VLT/NACO astrometry of the HR8799 planetary system. L'-band observations of the three outer planets
• A Substellar Common Proper Motion Companion to the Pleiad HII 1348
• The orbital architecture and debris disks of the HR 8799 planetary system
• Dynamical Mass of the Exoplanet Host Star HR 8799
• Direct-imaging Discovery of a Substellar Companion Orbiting the Accelerating Variable Star, HIP 39017
• New constraints on the HR 8799 planetary system from mid-infrared direct imaging