Three-Dimensional, Time-Dependent Simulation of Free-Electron Lasers with Planar, Helical, and Elliptical Undulators

H. P. Freund, P. J. M. van der Slot, D. L. A. G. Grimminck +2

Free-electron lasers (FELs) have been built ranging in wavelength from long-wavelength oscillators using partial wave guiding through ultraviolet through hard x-ray that are either…