Measurement of the Entropy and Critical Temperature of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas

Abstract

We report a model-independent measurement of the entropy, energy, and critical temperature of a degenerate, strongly interacting Fermi gas of atoms. The total energy is determined from the mean square cloud size in the strongly interacting regime, where the gas exhibits universal behavior. The entropy is measured by sweeping a bias magnetic field to adiabatically tune the gas from the strongly interacting regime to a weakly interacting regime, where the entropy is known from the cloud size after the sweep. The dependence of the entropy on the total energy quantitatively tests predictions of the finite-temperature thermodynamics.

16 pages, 3 figures

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• Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
• Nonequilibrium dynamics of closed interacting quantum systems
• Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
• Revealing the Superfluid Lambda Transition in the Universal Thermodynamics of a Unitary Fermi Gas
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• Observation of parity-time symmetry breaking transitions in a dissipative Floquet system of ultracold atoms
• Using photoemission spectroscopy to probe a strongly interacting Fermi gas
• Universal Quantum Viscosity in a Unitary Fermi Gas
• Phase diagram of a two-component Fermi gas with resonant interactions
• BCS-BEC Crossover and the Unitary Fermi Gas
• The BCS-BEC crossover: From ultra-cold Fermi gases to nuclear systems
• Strongly Correlated Quantum Fluids: Ultracold Quantum Gases, Quantum Chromodynamic Plasmas, and Holographic Duality
• Strongly paired fermions: Cold atoms and neutron matter
• Universal behavior of pair correlations in a strongly interacting Fermi gas
• Few-body physics with ultracold atomic and molecular systems in traps
• Relativistic Viscous Fluid Dynamics and Non-Equilibrium Entropy
• General relations for quantum gases in two and three dimensions. Two-component fermions
• Bragg spectroscopy of a strongly interacting Fermi gas
• Number of closed-channel molecules in the BEC-BCS crossover
• Virial expansion for a strongly correlated Fermi gas
• Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations of the BCS-BEC Crossover at Finite Temperature
• Universal thermodynamics of strongly interacting Fermi gases
• Interplay of shear and bulk viscosity in generating flow in heavy-ion collisions
• Thermodynamic Measurements in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
• Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov states in one-dimensional spin-polarized ultracold atomic Fermi gases
• Virial expansion for a strongly correlated Fermi system and its application to ultracold atomic Fermi gases
• The Shear Viscosity to Entropy Density Ratio of Trapped Fermions in the Unitarity Limit
• Shear viscosity of a superfluid Fermi gas in the unitarity limit
• Observing the Drop of Resistance in the Flow of a Superfluid Fermi Gas
• Fermi-Liquid Behavior of the Normal Phase of a Strongly Interacting Gas of Cold Atoms
• Three fully polarized fermions close to a p-wave Feshbach resonance
• Critical Velocity and Dissipation of an ultracold Bose-Fermi Counterflow
• Collective oscillations of a Fermi gas in the unitarity limit: Temperature effects and the role of pair correlations
• Imbalanced Fermi Gases at Unitarity
• Pseudo-gap pairing in ultracold Fermi atoms
• Virial theorems for trapped cold atoms
• Particle-hole fluctuations in the BCS-BEC Crossover
• Realization of a Resonant Fermi Gas with a Large Effective Range
• Achieving the Landau bound to precision of quantum thermometry in systems with vanishing gap
• Onset of a Pseudogap Regime in Ultracold Fermi Gases
• Thermodynamics of a Trapped Unitary Fermi Gas
• Universal contact of strongly interacting fermions at finite temperatures
• Is a gas of strongly interacting atomic fermions a nearly perfect fluid?
• Comparative study of strong coupling theories of a trapped Fermi gas at unitarity
• Anomalous minimum in the shear viscosity of a Fermi gas
• Universal thermodynamics of a strongly interacting Fermi gas: theory versus experiment
• Functional renormalization group approach to the BCS-BEC crossover
• A new field theoretic method for the virial expansion
• Critical Temperature and Condensate Fraction of a Fermion Pair Condensate
• Experimental verification of the area law of mutual information in a quantum field simulator
• Thermodynamics of a trapped unitary Fermi gas
• Spin diffusion in Fermi gases
• The equation of state of ultracold Bose and Fermi gases: a few examples
• Comparative Study of BCS-BEC Crossover Theories above $T_c$: the Nature of the Pseudogap in Ultra-Cold Atomic Fermi Gases
• Observation of a quenched moment of inertia in a rotating strongly interacting Fermi gas
• Searching for Perfect Fluids: Quantum Viscosity in a Universal Fermi Gas
• Bulk viscosities for cold Fermi superfluids close to the unitary limit
• Evolution of the Pseudogap in a polarized Fermi gas
• Thermometry of a deeply degenerate Fermi gas with a Bose-Einstein condensate
• Finite-temperature equation of state of polarized fermions at unitarity
• Thermodynamics of ultracold trapped gases. Generalized mechanical variables, equation of state and heat capacity
• Three fermions in a box at the unitary limit: universality in a lattice model
• Quantitative comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental results for Bragg spectroscopy of a strongly interacting Fermi superfluid
• Molecular Bose-Einstein condensation in a versatile low power crossed dipole trap
• Imaginary polarization as a way to surmount the sign problem in ab initio calculations of spin-imbalanced Fermi gases
• Low-temperature thermodynamics of the unitary Fermi gas: superfluid fraction, first sound and second sound
• Universal dynamic structure factor of a strongly correlated Fermi gas
• Itinerant Ferromagnetism in ultracold Fermi gases
• Is an Ultra-Cold Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas a Perfect Fluid?
• First and second sound modes at finite temperature in trapped Fermi gases from BCS to BEC
• Critical Behaviour in Trapped Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases
• Ground state energy of unitary fermion gas with the Thomson Problem approach
• Measuring entropy and mutual information in the two-dimensional Hubbard model
• Strong-coupling corrections to spin susceptibility in the BCS-BEC crossover regime of a superfluid Fermi gas
• Pomeranchuk effect and spin-gradient cooling of Bose-Bose mixtures in an optical lattice
• Finite-size and Particle-number Effects in an Ultracold Fermi Gas at Unitarity
• Coexistence of superfluid gap and pseudogap in the BCS-BEC crossover regime of a trapped Fermi gas below $T_{\mathrm{c}}$
• Precursor of Superfluidity in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas with Negative Effective Range
• Interacting Preformed Cooper Pairs in Resonant Fermi Gases
• Thermodynamic Properties of Holographic superfluids
• Linear entropy in quantum phase space
• Spin Susceptibility Above the Superfluid Onset in Ultracold Fermi Gases
• The finite-temperature thermodynamics of a trapped unitary Fermi gas within fractional exclusion statistics
• Holographic dual of Cold Trapped Fermions
• The virial equation of state for unitary fermion thermodynamics with non-Gaussian correlations
• Shear viscosity and Strong-Coupling Corrections in the BCS-BEC crossover Regime of an Ultracold Fermi Gas
• Thermodynamical approaches to efficient sympathetic cooling in ultracold Fermi-Bose atomic mixtures
• Dynamic structure factor of a strongly correlated Fermi superfluid within a density functional theory approach
• Lifetime of angular momentum in a rotating strongly interacting Fermi gas
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• Universality and itinerant ferromagnetism in rotating strongly interacting Fermi gases
• Adiabatic sound velocity and compressibility of a trapped d-dimensional ideal anyon gas
• Linear response of heat conductivity of normal-superfluid interface of a polarized Fermi gas to orbital magnetic field
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• Toward large-scale Hybrid Monte Carlo simulations of the Hubbard model on graphics processing units
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• Bose-like few-fermion systems
• Unitary thermodynamics from thermodynamic geometry II: Fit to a local density approximation
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• Coherent functional expansions in quantum field theory
• An Effective Series Expansion to the Equation of State of Unitary Fermi Gases
• Characterizing Real-space Topology in Rice-Mele Model by Thermodynamics
• Energy Dynamics of a Nonequilibrium Unitary Fermi Gas