Phase diagram of a two-component Fermi gas with resonant interactions

Abstract

The pairing of fermions is at the heart of superconductivity and superfluidity. The recent experimental realization of strongly interacting atomic Fermi gases has opened a new, controllable way to study novel forms of pairing and superfluidity. A major controversial issue has been the stability of superfluidity against an imbalance between the two spin components when the fermions interact resonantly. Here we present the phase diagram of a spin-polarized Fermi gas of ${}^6$Li atoms at unitarity, mapping out the superfluid phase versus temperature and density imbalance. Using tomographic techniques, we reveal spatial discontinuities in the spin polarization, the signature of a first-order superfluid-to-normal phase transition, which disappears at a tricritical point where the nature of the phase transition changes from first-order to second-order. At zero temperature, there is a quantum phase transition from a fully-paired superfluid to a partially-polarized normal gas. These observations and the implementation of an in situ ideal gas thermometer provide quantitative tests of theoretical calculations on the stability of resonant superfluidity.

8 pages, 8 figures, reference added, typo corrected

References in corpus (24)

• Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
• Pairing and Phase Separation in a Polarized Fermi Gas
• Fermionic Superfluidity with Imbalanced Spin Populations and the Quantum Phase Transition to the Normal State
• Observation of Phase Separation in a Strongly-Interacting Imbalanced Fermi Gas
• Universal phase diagram of a strongly interacting Fermi gas with unbalanced spin populations
• Thermodynamics of the BCS-BEC crossover
• Direct Observation of the Superfluid Phase Transition in Ultracold Fermi Gases
• BEC-BCS crossover in "magnetized" Feshbach-resonantly paired superfluids
• Phase separation in asymmetrical fermion superfluids
• Asymmetric Two-component Fermion Systems in Strong Coupling
• Spin 1/2 Fermions in the Unitary Regime: A Superfluid of a New Type
• Normal state of a polarized Fermi gas at unitarity
• Deformation of a Trapped Fermi Gas with Unequal Spin Populations
• Critical Temperature and Thermodynamics of Attractive Fermions at Unitarity
• Finite temperature phase diagram of a polarised Fermi condensate
• Pairing without Superfluidity: The Ground State of an Imbalanced Fermi Mixture
• Measurement of the Entropy and Critical Temperature of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
• Generic Phase Diagram of Fermion Superfluids with Population Imbalance
• Sarma Phase in Trapped Unbalanced Fermi Gases
• Surface Tension in Unitary Fermi Gases with Population Imbalance
• Zero Temperature Thermodynamics of Asymmetric Fermi Gases at Unitarity
• Superfluid phase diagrams of trapped Fermi gases with population imbalance
• Phase diagram of a polarized Fermi gas across a Feshbach resonance in a potential trap
• Trapped fermionic clouds distorted from the trap shape due to many-body effects

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