Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars. I. Chemical Compositions of 26 Stars

Abstract

The chemical compositions of 26 metal-poor stars that exhibit strong CH and/or C2 molecular bands are determined based on high-resolution spectroscopy. We define carbon-enhanced stars taking account of the carbon abundance ratio ([C/Fe]) and the evolutionary status. Twenty two stars in our sample satisfy our modified definition for Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP) stars. In addition, we measure Na abundances for nine other carbon-enhanced stars for which abundances of other elements have been previously reported. Combining our new sample with the results of previous work, we investigate the abundance and evolutionary status of a total of 64 CEMP stars. In this paper, we separate the carbon-enhanced objects into Ba-rich and Ba-normal objects, and discuss on (1) the metallicity distributions, (2) the correlation between Ba and C (and C+N) abundances, (3) C abundance distributions, (3) the distributions of evolutionary status, and (5) Na abundances. The implications of these results on the origins of carbon in CEMP stars are discussed.

73 pages, 14 tables, 13 figures, ApJ, in press

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• Thermohaline mixing in extremely metal-poor stars
• Spectroscopic study of Ba and CEMP-s stars: Mass distribution of AGB progenitors
• The Puzzling Frequencies of CEMP and NEMP Stars
• Europium enrichment and hierarchical formation of the Galactic halo
• Spectroscopic follow-up of statistically selected extremely metal-poor star candidates from GALAH DR3
• Possible discovery of the r-process characteristics in the abundances of metal-rich barium stars
• Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the SDSS-APOGEE database
• High-resolution spectroscopic observations of the new CEMP-s star CD-50${}^{\circ }$776
• High-resolution spectroscopic analysis of four new chemically peculiar stars
• The chemical imprint of the bursty nature of Milky Way's progenitors
• The intermediate neutron capture process. I. Development of the i-process in low-metallicity low-mass AGB stars
• CD -24_17504 revisited: a new comprehensive element abundance analysis
• The study of s-process nucleosynthesis based on barium stars, CEMP-s and CEMP-r/s stars
• Probing the nucleosynthetic contribution of low-metallicity, low-mass star companions of CEMP stars
• The odd-isotope fractions of Barium in CEMP-r/s star HE 0338-3945 and r-II star CS 31082-001
• Evidence of V-band polarimetric separation of carbon stars at high Galactic latitude
• A Carbon-enhanced Lyman Limit System: Signature of the First Generation of Stars?
• Does the structure of Pop III supernova ejecta affect the elemental abundance of extremely metal-poor stars?
• Optical and NIR spectroscopy of cool CEMP stars to probe the nucleosynthesis in low mass AGB binary system
• A new model for the origin of very metal poor stars and their chemical composition
• $s$-Process in Massive Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars
• Nucleosynthesis in early rotating massive stars and chemical composition of CEMP stars
• The oldest stars with low neutron-capture element abundances and origins in ancient dwarf galaxies
• Abundance analysis of s-process enhanced barium stars
• Suppression of globular cluster formation in metal-poor gas clouds by Lyman-alpha radiation feedback
• Chemical abundances of the metal-poor horizontal-branch stars CS 22186-005 and CS 30344-033
• A Catalog of 12,766 Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars from LAMOST Data Release 8
• An Actinide-boost Star Discovered in the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus
• CEMPlifying reionization
• Abundance Pattern Fitting with Bayesian Inference: Constraining First Stars' Properties and Their Explosion Mechanism with Extremely Metal-poor Stars
• Disc fragmentation and oligarchic growth of protostellar systems in low-metallicity gas clouds
• Automated Determination of [Fe/H] and [C/Fe] from Low-Resolution Spectroscopy
• Determination of Sodium Abundance Ratio from Low-Resolution Stellar Spectra and Its Applications
• Fuzzy Cluster Analysis: Application to Determining Metallicities for Very Metal-poor Stars
• First Star Survivors as Metal-Rich Halo Stars that Experienced Supernova Explosions in Binary Systems
• M3DIS -- A grid of 3D radiation-hydrodynamics stellar atmosphere models for stellar surveys. II. Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars
• A Search for Strongly Mg-enhanced Stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Modelling the evolution and nucleosynthesis of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars
• i-process nucleosynthesis: observational evidences from CEMP stars
• Fluorine abundances in CEMP stars at the lowest metallicity: Hints on the nature of the first stars
• Chemical analysis of a carbon-enhanced very metal-poor star: CD-27 14351
• Carbon from massive binary-stripped stars over cosmic time: effect of metallicity
• The R-Process Alliance: Exploring the cosmic scatter among ten r-process sites with stellar abundances
• Dependence of the Sr-to-Ba and Sr-to-Eu Ratio on the Nuclear Equation of State in Metal Poor Halo Stars
• Probing Massive Star Nucleosynthesis with Data on Metal-Poor Stars and the Solar System
• The evolved pulsating CEMP star HD112869
• LAMOST J045019.27+394758.7, with peculiar abundances of N, Na, V, Zn, is possibly a Sculptor dwarf galaxy escapee
• Main-sequence Turnoff Stars as Probes of the Ancient Galactic Relic: Chemo-dynamical Analysis of a Pilot Sample
• An empirical metallicity tracer in CEMP and C-normal stars
• The CH(G) Index as a New Criterion for Selecting Red Giant Stars
• The s-Process Nucleosynthesis in Extremely Metal-Poor Stars as the Generating Mechanism of Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars
• Abundances of neutron-capture elements in CH and Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP) stars
• Proton-rich production of lanthanides: the $\nu i$ process
• HE0144-4657: A Carbon-Enhanced Ultra Metal-Poor Star ([Fe/H] ~ -4.1) from the Helmi Stream Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy
• HR-GO II: chemical abundances of low-$E$ retrograde dynamically-tagged-groups: Revealing Thamnos as a very metal-poor substructure
• An ancient system hidden in the Galactic plane?
• A Main Sequence CH-star in the globular cluster M55 (NGC 6809)
• CEMP-s and CEMP-s/r stars: last update
• Towards model-free stellar chemical abundances. Potential applications in the search for chemically peculiar stars in large spectroscopic surveys
• Detailed Abundance Determination of Metal-Poor Stars with X-Shooter I. Unusual Chemistry in Halo Stars
• Carbon measurements in two ultra-faint dwarf galaxies: Grus II and Tucana IV
• AGB nucleosynthesis at low metallicity: what can we learn from carbon- and s-elements-enhanced metal-poor stars
• A comparative study on three modes of s-process nucleosynthesis in extremely metal-poor AGB stars