Muon-Induced Background Study for Underground Laboratories

Abstract

We provide a comprehensive study of the cosmic-ray muon flux and induced activity as a function of overburden along with a convenient parameterization of the salient fluxes and differential distributions for a suite of underground laboratories ranging in depth from $\sim$1 to 8 km.w.e.. Particular attention is given to the muon-induced fast neutron activity for the underground sites and we develop a Depth-Sensitivity-Relation to characterize the effect of such background in experiments searching for WIMP dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay.

arXiv comment18 pages, 28 figures

References in corpus (17)

• First Results from KamLAND: Evidence for Reactor Anti-Neutrino Disappearance
• Results from the Palo Verde Neutrino Oscillation Experiment
• First Results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search in the Soudan Underground Lab
• Atmospheric Muon Flux at Sea Level, Underground, and Underwater
• Search for Neutrino Oscillations at the Palo Verde Nuclear Reactors
• Data Acquisition and Analysis of the 76Ge Double Beta Experiment in Gran Sasso 1990-2003
• Neutron Flux at the Gran Sasso Underground LaboratoryRevisited
• Predicting Neutron Production from Cosmic-ray Muons
• Muon `Depth -- Intensity' Relation Measured by LVD Underground Experiment and Cosmic-Ray Muon Spectrum at Sea Level
• Neutron background in large-scale xenon detectors for dark matter searches
• Simulations of muon-induced neutron flux at large depths underground
• Measurements of muon flux at 1070 metres vertical depth in the Boulby underground laboratory
• Neutron production by cosmic-ray muons at shallow depth
• The Cosmic Ray Muon Flux at WIPP
• Measurement of the residual energy of muons in the Gran Sasso underground Laboratories
• Measuring the Cosmic Ray Muon-Induced Fast Neutron Spectrum by (n,p) Isotope Production Reactions in Underground Detectors
• Investigations of fast neutron production by 190 GeV/c muon interactions on different targets

Cited by in corpus (184)

• Double Beta Decay, Majorana Neutrinos, and Neutrino Mass
• Results from a Search for Light-Mass Dark Matter with a P-type Point Contact Germanium Detector
• Solar fusion cross sections II: the pp chain and CNO cycles
• Physics reach of the XENON1T dark matter experiment
• Dark matter direct-detection experiments
• CoGeNT: A Search for Low-Mass Dark Matter using p-type Point Contact Germanium Detectors
• The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Experiment
• Projected Sensitivity of the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment
• Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-2L C${}_3$F${}_8$ Bubble Chamber
• Toward the discovery of matter creation with neutrinoless double-beta decay
• Current status of direct dark matter detection experiments
• Observation of Geo-Neutrinos
• A review of the discovery reach of directional Dark Matter detection
• Production of Radioactive Isotopes through Cosmic Muon Spallation in KamLAND
• Search for dark matter with a 231-day exposure of liquid argon using DEAP-3600 at SNOLAB
• Directional Detection of Dark Matter with Two-Dimensional Targets
• NEXO: Neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond $10^{28}$ year half-life sensitivity
• Searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay of ${}^{130}$Te with CUORE
• A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics
• Direct dark matter detection: the next decade
• Theia: An advanced optical neutrino detector
• Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60 CF${}_3$I Bubble Chamber
• The projected background for the CUORE experiment
• Coherent Neutrino Scattering with Low Temperature Bolometers at Chooz Reactor Complex
• Dark Matter investigation by DAMA at Gran Sasso
• CN-Cycle Solar Neutrinos and Sun's Primordial Core Metalicity
• Measurement of Cosmic Ray Flux in China JinPing underground Laboratory
• Readout technologies for directional WIMP Dark Matter detection
• Geo-neutrinos and the Radioactive Power of the Earth
• Radiogenic and Muon-Induced Backgrounds in the LUX Dark Matter Detector
• Comprehensive geoneutrino analysis with Borexino
• No role for muons in the DAMA annual modulation results
• Neutrino Detectors as Tools for Nuclear Security
• Low energy neutron background in deep underground laboratories
• Conceptual design and simulation of a water Cherenkov muon veto for the XENON1T experiment
• A Dark Matter Hurricane: Measuring the S1 Stream with Dark Matter Detectors
• The scintillation and ionization yield of liquid xenon for nuclear recoils
• Dark Shards: velocity substructure from Gaia and direct searches for dark matter
• Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis to constrain Dark Matter properties with directional detection
• First calculation of cosmic-ray muon spallation backgrounds for MeV astrophysical neutrino signals in Super-Kamiokande
• A novel technique of particle identification with bolometric detectors
• Fast Neutron Detection with 6Li-loaded Liquid Scintillator
• Directional recoil detection
• The Physics and Nuclear Nonproliferation Goals of WATCHMAN: A WAter CHerenkov Monitor for ANtineutrinos
• Technical Results from the Surface Run of the LUX Dark Matter Experiment
• Precise measurement of $2\nu \beta \beta$ decay of ${}^{100}$Mo with the CUPID-Mo detection technology
• Fitting the annual modulation in DAMA with neutrons from muons and neutrinos
• After LUX: The LZ Program
• No role for neutrons, muons and solar neutrinos in the DAMA annual modulation results
• Introduction to dark matter experiments
• Monte Carlo evaluation of the external gamma, neutron and muon induced background sources in the CUORE experiment
• Low background techniques in bolometers for double-beta decay search
• A New Method for Measuring Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering at an Off-Axis High-Energy Neutrino Beam Target
• Muon Flux Measurement at China Jinping Underground Laboratory
• Physics reach of a low threshold scintillating argon bubble chamber in coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering reactor experiments
• Paleo-detectors: Searching for Dark Matter with Ancient Minerals
• Searching for Dark Matter with Paleo-Detectors
• The Majorana Experiment
• Event Identification in ${}^3$He Proportional Counters Using Risetime Discrimination
• A Highly Efficient Neutron Veto for Dark Matter Experiments
• Measurement and simulation of the muon-induced neutron yield in lead
• LUXSim: A Component-Centric Approach to Low-Background Simulations
• Earth Radioactivity Measurements with a Deep Ocean Anti-neutrino Observatory
• Charge amplification concepts for direction-sensitive dark matter detectors
• Background Measurements in the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory
• Muon Flux Measurements at the Davis Campus of the Sanford Underground Research Facility with the Majorana Demonstrator Veto System
• Cosmic Ray Muon Flux at the Sanford Underground Laboratory at Homestake
• Muon-induced backgrounds in the CUORICINO experiment
• The Majorana Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Experiment
• Early Results on Radioactive Background Characterization for Sanford Laboratory and DUSEL Experiments
• The neutron background of the XENON100 dark matter experiment
• On the possibility of Galactic Cosmic Ray-induced radiolysis-powered life in subsurface environments in the Universe
• Neutron Inelastic Scattering Processes as Background for Double-Beta Decay Experiments
• Validation of spallation neutron production and propagation within Geant4
• The Status and Future of Direct Nuclear Reaction Measurements for Stellar Burning
• Detecting the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background in the future Water-based Liquid Scintillator Detector Theia
• Precision measurement of Compton scattering in silicon with a skipper CCD for dark matter detection
• Gaseous Dark Matter Detectors
• The Maximum Patch Method for Directional Dark Matter Detection
• Directional detection of Dark Matter
• Time-integrated directional detection of dark matter
• Study of a spherical Xenon gas TPC for neutrinoless double beta detection
• Solar fusion III: New data and theory for hydrogen-burning stars
• Main features of detectors and isotopes to investigate double beta decay with increased sensitivity
• Neutron inelastic scattering and reactions in natural Pb as a background in neutrinoless double-beta-decay experiments
• Paleo-Detectors for Galactic Supernova Neutrinos
• Cosmogenic activation of a natural tellurium target
• Cosmogenic neutron production at Daya Bay
• Is a co-rotating Dark Disk a threat to Dark Matter Directional Detection ?
• Neutron flux and spectrum in the Dresden Felsenkeller underground facility studied by moderated ${}^3$He counters
• A. Fluka Study of Underground Cosmogenic Neutron Production
• Prediction of Underground Argon Content for Dark Matter Experiments
• Measuring Muon-Induced Neutrons with Liquid Scintillation Detector at Soudan Mine
• Neutron background measurement for rare event search experiments in the YangYang Underground Laboratory
• Fast Neutron Detection with a Segmented Spectrometer
• Theoretical Antineutrino Detection, Direction and Ranging at Long Distances
• Universal formula for the muon-induced neutron yield
• Opening the energy window on direct dark matter detection
• On the Accuracy of Underground Muon Intensity Calculations
• Measuring Fast Neutrons with Large Liquid Scintillation Detector for Ultra-low Background Experiments
• Development and Characterization of a High Sensitivity Segmented Fast Neutron Spectrometer (FaNS-2)
• Measurements of gamma ray, cosmic muon and residual neutron background fluxes for rare event search experiments at an underground laboratory
• A Neutron Multiplicity Meter for Deep Underground Muon-Induced High Energy Neutron Measurements
• The C-4 Dark Matter Experiment
• Muon-Induced Background Study for an Argon-Based Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment
• A Note on Neutron Capture Correlation Signals, Backgrounds, and Efficiencies
• Data-driven hadronic interaction model for atmospheric lepton flux calculations
• Partial gamma-ray production cross sections for (n,xng) reactions in natural argon from 1 - 30 MeV
• Virtual depth by active background suppression: Revisiting the cosmic muon induced background of GERDA Phase II
• In-situ gamma-ray background measurements for next generation CDEX experiment in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory
• A detection system to measure muon-induced neutrons for direct Dark Matter searches
• Measurement of Muon-induced Neutron Production at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory
• Comparing readout strategies to directly detect dark matter
• Cosmogenic production of ${}^{37}$Ar in the context of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment
• Performance of a Kinetic Inductance Phonon-Mediated Detector at the NEXUS Cryogenic Facility
• Testing spontaneous collapse through bulk heating experiments: estimate of the background noise
• Neutron background measurements with a hybrid neutron detector at the Kuo-Sheng Reactor Neutrino Laboratory
• New Projections for Dark Matter Searches with Paleo-Detectors
• Reconstructing the direction of reactor antineutrinos via electron scattering in Gd-doped water Cherenkov detectors
• Cosmic Ray Muons in Laboratories Deep Underground
• Abatement of Ionizing Radiation for Superconducting Quantum Devices
• Directional detection of Dark Matter
• A Prototype Detector for Directional Measurement of the Cosmogenic Neutron Flux
• A geoneutrino experiment at Homestake
• Neutron and muon-induced background studies for the AMoRE double-beta decay experiment
• Neutron background signal in superheated droplet detectors of the Phase II SIMPLE dark matter search
• Cosmic-ray induced background intercomparison with actively shielded HPGe detectors at underground locations
• Measurement of ambient neutrons in an underground laboratory at Kamioka Observatory
• Cosmogenic Neutron Production at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Measuring solar neutrinos over Gigayear timescales with Paleo Detectors
• The Felsenkeller shallow-underground laboratory for nuclear astrophysics
• First detection of tracks of radon progeny recoils by MIMAC
• The Muon-Induced Neutron Indirect Detection EXperiment, MINIDEX
• Simulation of neutron background for a dark matter search experiment at JUSL
• A review on the discovery reach of Dark Matter directional detection
• Neutron inelastic scattering in natural Cu as a background in neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments
• Observation of annual modulation induced by $\gamma$ rays from ($\alpha$, $\gamma$) reactions at the Soudan Underground Laboratory
• Remark on the studies of the muon-induced neutron background in the liquid scintillator detectors
• Flux measurement of fast neutrons in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory
• Study of neutron-induced background and its effect on the search of 0$\nu \beta \beta$ decay in ${}^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$
• Estimation of low energy neutron flux ($E_n\le 15$ MeV) in India-based Neutrino Observatory cavern using Monte Carlo techniques
• Sensitivity of seismically cued antineutrino detectors to nuclear explosions
• The SABRE South Technical Design Report Executive Summary
• Signatures of muonic activation in the Majorana Demonstrator
• On the Energy Spectrum of Cosmogenic Neutrons
• Evaluation of the Neutron Background in a Direct WIMP Detector with Neutron Veto System Based on Gd-doped Liquid Scintillator
• Characterization of plastic scintillator bars using fast neutrons from D-D and D-T reactions
• Direct WIMP identification: Physics performance of a segmented noble-liquid target immersed in a Gd-doped water veto
• A simulation-based study of the neutron backgrounds for NaI dark matter experiments
• CUTE: A Cryogenic Underground TEst Facility at SNOLAB
• Measurement of Muon-induced High-energy Neutrons from Rock in an Underground Gd-doped Water Detector
• Study of Cosmogenic Neutron Backgrounds at LNGS
• A low background facility inside the LVD detector at Gran Sasso
• Search for double beta decay with HPGe detectors at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory
• Possibilities for Underground Physics in the Pyhäsalmi mine
• Water Cherenkov muon veto for the COSINUS experiment: design and simulation optimization
• Production and Decay of the Ge73-m Metastable State in a Low-Background Germanium Detector
• Study of neutron production for 360 GeV cosmic muons
• SciBath: A Novel Tracking Detector for Measuring Neutral Particles Underground
• Antineutrino Detectors Remain Impractical for Nuclear Explosion Monitoring
• Atmospheric Charged $K/\pi$ Ratio and Measurement of Muon Annual Modulation with a Liquid Scintillation Detector at Soudan
• Cosmogenic Muon Background Characterization for the Colorado Underground Research Institute (CURIE)
• Design of a mobile neutron spectrometer for the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS)
• Characterization of the background spectrum in DAMIC at SNOLAB
• Detectors and Shieldings: Past and Future at LUNA
• Closing the Neutrino "BSM Gap": Physics Potential of Atmospheric Through-Going Muons at DUNE
• Response of a Liquid ${}^3$He Neutron Detector
• Radiopurity studies of a rock sample from the Aut region
• Status of the HENSA collaboration at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory: results from two years of measurement of the neutron flux in hall B
• Measurements of the charge ratio and polarization of cosmic-ray muons with the Super-Kamiokande detector
• Evaluation of the neutron background in CsI target for WIMP direct detection when using a reactor neutrino detector as a neutron veto system
• Performance of a SiPM-based, plastic scintillator muon veto prototype for CUPID
• Neutron spectrum measurement in the Yemi underground laboratory
• Projected Sensitivity of Paleo-Detectors to Dark Matter Effective Interactions with Nuclei
• Evaluation of the neutron background in cryogenic Germanium target for WIMP direct detection when using a reactor neutrino detector as a neutron veto system
• Remote Reactor Ranging via Antineutrino Oscillations
• Results on Low-Mass Weakly Interacting Massive Particles from a 11 kg d Target Exposure of DAMIC at SNOLAB (ICRC2021 Proceedings)
• Double Beta Decay
• Monte Carlo Characterization of the Cosmic Ray Muon Flux in Subsurface Geological Repositories
• CUORE and beyond: bolometric techniques to explore inverted neutrino mass hierarchy
• CUORE-0 results and prospects for the CUORE experiment
• Design of the MiniCLEAN dark matter search veto detector subsystem
• Evidence for Anomalies in Muon-Induced Neutron Emissions from Pb
• Evidence for neutron-induced $\mathbf{\gamma }$-ray emissions in the vicinity of the $\mathbf{Q}$ value of ${}^{76}\text{Ge}$ $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay