A Unified Description of the Timing Features of Accreting X-ray Binaries

Abstract

We study an empirical model for a unified description of the power spectra of accreting neutron stars and black holes. This description is based on a superposition of multiple Lorentzians and offers the advantage that all QPO and noise components are dealt with in the same way, without the need of deciding in advance the nature of each component. This approach also allows us to compare frequencies of features with high and low coherences in a consistent manner and greatly facilitates comparison of power spectra across a wide range of source types and states. We apply the model to six sources, the low-luminosity X-ray bursters 1E 1724-3045, SLX 1735-269 and GS 1826-24, the high-latitude transient XTE J1118+480, the bright system Cir X-1, and the Z source GX 17+2. We find that it provides a good description of the observed spectra, without the need for a scale-free (1/f) component. We update previously reported correlations between characteristic frequencies of timing features in the light of this new approach and discuss similarities between different types of systems which may point towards similar underlying physics.

13 pages, to appear in The Astrophysical Journal

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• The broad-band power spectra of X-ray binaries
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• High energy Millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations in 1A 0535+262 with Insight-HXMT challenge current models
• An Insight-HXMT view of the mHz quasi-regular modulation phenomenon in the black hole X-ray binary 4U 1630-47
• Detection of millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations in the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1730--22 with NICER
• Constraints on kHz QPO models and stellar EOSs from SAX J1808.4-3658, Cyg X-2 and 4U 1820-30
• Multi-wavelength study of TeV blazar 1ES 1218+304 using gamma-ray, X-ray and optical observations
• The Luminous, Hard State Can't Be MAD
• Evolution of Accretion Modes between Spectral States Inferred from Spectral and Timing Analysis of Cygnus X-1 with Insight-HXMT observations
• Fast Timing Analysis of Cygnus X-1 using SPI on board INTEGRAL
• Are spectral and timing correlations similar in different spectral states in black hole X-ray binaries?
• Detection of a low frequency quasi-periodic oscillation in the soft state of Cygnus X-1 with Insight-HXMT
• Timing analysis of the black-hole candidate Swift J1727.8-1613: detection of a dip-like feature in the high-energy cross spectrum
• On the modulation of low frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in black-hole transients
• On the harmonics of the low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation in GRS 1915+105
• NICER and Swift/XRT monitoring of the 2023 outburst of Swift J1727.7-1613
• The Interpretations For the Low and High Frequency QPO Correlations of X-ray Sources Among White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars and Black Holes
• Coupling between the 45 Hz Horizontal-Branch Oscillation and the Normal Branch Oscillation in Scorpius X-1
• Correlations between the frequencies of twin kHz QPOs and spins of neutron stars in LMXBs
• Accretion Flow Properties of MAXI J1910-057/Swift J1910.2-0546 During Its 2012-13 Outburst
• Exploring the broadband spectral and timing characteristics of GRS 1915+105 with AstroSat and NICER observations
• A High-Frequency Doppler Feature in the Power Spectra of Simulated GRMHD Black Hole Accretion Disks
• Detection of low-frequency breaks in power density spectrum of GX 339-4 in faint low/hard state observations using AstroSat data
• Phase-Resolved Timing Analysis of GRS 1915+105 in Its ρ State
• Drifts of the marginally stable burning frequency in the X-ray binaries 4U 1608--52 and Aql X--1
• Detection of a strong ~2.5 Hz modulation in the Newly Discovered Millisecond Pulsar MAXI J1816-195
• Modelling the energy dependencies of X-ray quasi-periodic oscillations in accreting compact objects
• Detection of QPO Soft Lag during Outburst of Swift J1727.8-1613: Estimation of Instrinsic Parameters from Spectral Study
• Millihertz Quasi-periodic Optical Oscillations in 4U 0614+091
• Evolution of the Comptonizing medium of the black-hole candidate Swift J1727.8$-$1613 along the hard to hard-intermediate state transition using NICER
• AstroSat and NuSTAR observations of XTE J1739-285 during the 2019-2020 outburst
• The aperiodic timing behaviour of the accretion-driven millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658
• Swift X-ray Telescope study of the Black Hole Binary MAXI J1659-152: Variability from a two component accretion flow
• Alternation of the flickering morphology between the high and low state in MV Lyr
• Periodicity search for Pulsar Binaries with TESS
• Evolution of the Accretion Disk and Corona During the Outburst of the Neutron Star Transient MAXI J1807+132
• A $\sim$100 mHz QPO in the X-ray emission from IGR J17361-4441
• Probing black-hole accretion through time variability
• Evidence for a change in the radiation mechanism in the hard state of GRO J1655-40. Hysteresis in the broad-band noise components
• Mass Measurements of AGN from Multi-Lorentzian Models of X-ray Variability. I. Sampling Effects in Theoretical Models of the rms^2-M_BH Correlation
• The emission positions of kHz QPOs and Kerr spacetime influence
• Frequency Resolved Spectroscopy of XB 1323-619 Using XMM-Newton data: Detection of a Reflection Region in the Disk
• X-ray spectral-timing variability of 1A 0535+262 during the 2020 giant outburst
• Studies of Quasi Periodic Oscillations in the Black Hole Transient XTE J 1817-330
• The Cross Spectral Time lags evolution along branches in XTE J1701-462
• Sidebands to mHz QPOs in 4U 1626$-$67 in the second spin-down state
• The ongoing spin-down episode of 4U 1626-67
• Timing Properties of Shocked Accretion Flows around Neutron Stars in Presence of Cooling
• Timing Analysis of V404 Cyg during Its Brightest Outburst with INTEGRAL/SPI
• The kHz QPOs as a probe of the X-ray color-color diagram and accretion-disk structure for the atoll source 4U 1728-34
• The QPO states of 4U 1630-47
• Swift, RXTE, and INTEGRAL observation of Swift J1922.7-1716
• Evolution of QPOs in GX 339-4 and EXO 1846-031 with Insight-HXMT and NICER
• A model for upper kHz QPO coherence of accreting neutron star
• Probing the accretion disc structure by the twin kHz QPOs and spins of neutron stars in LMXBs
• A Hidden Pulse: Uncovering a New Timing Signal in Cygnus X-1 with AstroSat
• Bridging the Gap: OPTICAM Reveals the Hidden Spin of the WZ Sge Star GOTO 065054.49+593624.51
• Spectro-temporal Investigation of Quasi-periodic Oscillations From Black Hole X-ray Binary 4U 1630-472 Using $\text{NICER}$
• Black-hole states in external galaxies
• The accretion rate independence of horizontal branch oscillation in XTE J1701-462
• Characterisation of the X-ray point source variability in the eROSITA south ecliptic pole field
• Kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in neutron-star X-ray binaries: Flattening of the lag spectrum with increasing luminosity
• Detection of a Type-C QPO during the soft-to-hard transition in Swift J1727.8-1613
• Statistical Analysis for the Q-factor of twin kHz QPOs
• Outer disc edge: properties of low frequency aperiodic variability in ultracompact interacting binaries
• How To Distinguish Neutron Star and Black Hole X-ray Binaries? Spectral index and Quasi-Periodic Oscillation Frequency Correlation
• A NuSTAR study of quasi-periodic oscillations from the ultraluminous X-ray sources in M82
• Black-hole X-ray binary Swift J1727.8$-$1613 shows simultaneous Type-B and Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations across the hard-intermediate and soft-intermediate states
• Basics of Fourier Analysis for High-Energy Astronomy
• Quasi-periodic pulse amplitude modulation in the accreting millisecond pulsar IGR J00291+5934
• Low frequency QPOs and possible change in the accretion geometry during the outbursts of Aquila X$-$1
• Quasi-quantized Disk Structure around Rotating Neutron Stars
• Frequency Variation of the Kilohertz Quasi-periodic Oscillations and the Flux of the Band-limited Noise in Scorpius X-1
• The kHz QPOs of Neutron Stars and Millisecond Pulsars and Implications
• Rms-flux relation of Cyg X-1 with RXTE: dipping and nondipping cases
• Swift J1753.5-0127 : Understanding the accretion geometry through frequency resolved spectroscopy
• The mHz quasi-regular modulations of 4U 1630--47 during its 1998 outburst
• AstroSat View of Transient Low-mass X-ray Binary XTE J1701-462: Spectral and Temporal Evolution along the Z-track
• XMM-Newton view of a hard X-ray transient IGR J17497-2821
• Fast variability from X-ray binaries
• Generalized Flows around Neutron Stars
• Application of the relativistic precession model to the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar IGR J17511-3057
• Characteristics of the High-frequency Humps in the Black hole X-ray Binary Swift J1727.8--1613
• QPOML: A Machine Learning Approach to Detect and Characterize Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in X-ray Binaries
• The first extragalactic ultra-compact X-ray binary : a candidate black hole-white dwarf system
• Study on Correlations between the Twin Kilohertz Quasi-periodic Oscillations in Low-mass X-ray Binaries
• On The Low Frequency Quasi Periodic Oscillations of X-ray Sources
• Recurrent Instability in LMXB Accretion Disks: How Strange is GRS 1915+105?
• The NICER view of Scorpius X-1
• Multi-mission view of extragalactic black hole X-ray binaries LMC X-1 and LMC X-3: evolution of broadband spectral features
• The full evolution of the type-C QPO in MAXI J1348-630 revealed by Insight-HXMT
• An Insight-HXMT View of the Evolution of the Type-C Quasiperiodic Oscillation during the Flaring State of Swift J1727.8-1613
• Searching for Spider-Like Pulsars from TESS Ellipsoidal Lightcurves with X-ray counterparts
• Probing accretion dynamics and spin evolution in the X-ray pulsar RX J0520.5-6932 during its 2024 Outburst
• On The Nature of Einstein Probe Transient EP250916a: Insights from X-ray, Optical, and Radio Observations
• Lags of the KiloHertz Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in the transient source XTE J1701$-$462
• Broadband variability study of MAXI J1631-479 in its Hard-Intermediate State observed with Insight-HXMT
• The stochastic X-ray variability of the accreting millisecond pulsar IGR J17062-6143
• Noise components from black-hole binaries in our galaxy
• Power spectral properties of the soft spectral states in four black hole transients
• QPO signatures of disk restoration after type-I X-ray bursts from 4U~1636$-$536