Spectro-temporal Investigation of Quasi-periodic Oscillations From Black Hole X-ray Binary 4U 1630-472 Using $\text{NICER}$

Abstract

We present a comprehensive analysis of the spectro-temporal characteristics of the X-ray variabilities from black hole X-ray binary 4U 1630-472 during its three outbursts (2018, 2020, and 2021) as observed by $\text{NICER}$. We detected 27 Quasi-Periodic Oscillations (QPOs), out of which 25 were observed during the 2021 outburst. In this study, we specifically focus on the relationship between spectral and timing parameters and the frequency of type-C QPOs in the 2021 outburst of the black hole binary 4U 1630-472 during its rising phase. We found strong correlations between the photon index of the non-thermal emission and the QPO frequency. We also observed a critical frequency at $\sim$ 2.31 Hz, above which the behavior of the Q-factor of the QPO changed significantly with the QPO frequency. We further identified two events characterized by a surge in the total flux, corresponding to the disappearance of type-C QPOs. Although the first event appeared like an X-ray flare, during the second event, the source reached a state with a total flux higher than 10${}^{-8}$ erg/cm${}^2$/s and exhibited a different type of QPO with lower frequencies and weaker amplitudes. We compare our results with the previously reported QPO characteristics for black hole outbursts and discuss the various models that could interpret the critical frequency and potentially explain the origin and evolution of these type-C QPOs.

arXiv comment19 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in the Journal of High Energy Astrophysics

References in corpus (49)

• On the Absorption of X-rays in the Interstellar Medium
• X-ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries
• Lense-Thirring Precession and QPOs in Low Mass X-Ray Binaries
• A Unified Description of the Timing Features of Accreting X-ray Binaries
• The evolution of the timing properties of the black-hole transient GX 339-4 during its 2002/2003 outburst
• Low frequency QPO spectra and Lense-Thirring precession
• The evolution of black hole states
• A review of quasi-periodic oscillations from black hole X-ray binaries: observation and theory
• A study of the low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in the X-ray light curves of the black hole candidate XTE J1859+226
• An Empirical Background Model for the NICER X-ray Timing Instrument
• Low frequency oscillations in black holes: a spectral-timing approach to the case of GX 339-4
• The Physics of the 'Heartbeat' State of GRS 1915+105
• Tracing the power-law component in the energy spectrum of black hole candidates as a function of the QPO frequency
• Discovery of oscillations above 200 keV in a black hole X-ray binary with Insight-HXMT
• Black hole spin measurements through the relativistic precession model: XTE J1550-564
• Insight-HXMT observations of the New Black Hole Candidate MAXI J1535-571: timing analysis
• The Comptonising medium of the neutron star in 4U 1636-53 through its lower kilohertz Quasi-Periodic Oscillations
• The Disk Wind in the Rapidly Spinning Stellar-Mass Black Hole 4U 1630-472 Observed with NuSTAR
• vKompth: A variable Comptonisation model for low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in black-hole X-ray binaries
• A rapid change in X-ray variability and a jet ejection in the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070
• Detection of Reflection Features in the Neutron Star Low-Mass X-ray Binary Serpens X-1 with NICER
• The energy dependence of the centroid frequency and phase lag of the QPOs in GRS 1915+105
• Black hole mass determination in the X-ray binary 4U 1630--47: Scaling of spectral and variability characteristics
• X-Ray Spectral and Timing Evolution During the Decay of the 1998 Outburst from the Recurrent X-Ray Transient 4U 1630-47
• Complex outburst behaviour from the black-hole candidate 4U 1630-47
• A Systematic Analysis of the Phase Lags Associated with the Type-C Quasi-periodic Oscillation in GRS 1915+105
• A variable corona for GRS 1915+105
• Phase-resolved spectroscopy of a quasi-periodic oscillation in the black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105 with NICER and NuSTAR
• The evolution of the corona in MAXI J1535-571 through type-C quasi-periodic oscillations with Insight-HXMT
• The Timing Evolution of 4U 1630-47 During its 1998 Outburst
• AstroSat and MAXI view of the Black Hole binary 4U 1630-472 during 2016 and 2018 Outbursts
• Correlations in Horizontal Branch Oscillations and Break Components in XTE J1701-462 and GX 17+2
• The comptonizing medium of the black-hole X-ray binary MAXI~J1535$-$571 through type-C quasi-periodic oscillations
• RXTE observations of 4U 1630-47 during the peak of its 1998 outburst
• A variable corona during the transition from type-C to type-B quasi-periodic oscillations in the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• NICER uncovers the transient nature of the type-B quasi-periodic oscillation in the black hole candidate MAXI J1348-630
• Dust scattering halo of 4U 1630-47 observed with Chandra and Swift: New constraints on the source distance
• The IR counterpart of the black-hole candidate 4U 1630-47
• Fast transition of type-B QPO in the black hole transient XTE J1817-330
• IXPE and NICER view of Black hole X-ray binary 4U 1630-47: First significant detection of polarized emission in thermal state
• Missing hard states and regular outbursts: the puzzling case of the black hole candidate 4U 1630-472
• AstroSat and Chandra view of the high soft state of 4U 1630-47 (4U 1630-472): evidence of the disk wind and a rapidly spinning black hole
• Testing evolution of LFQPOs with mass accretion rate in GRS 1915+105 with Insight-HXMT
• Evidence for Doppler-Shifted Iron Emission Lines in Black Hole Candidate 4U 1630-47
• Detection of X-ray polarized emission and accretion-disk winds with IXPE and NICER in the black-hole X-ray binary 4U 1630-47
• Trace the Accretion Geometry of H 1743--322 with Type C Quasi-periodic Oscillations in Multiple Outbursts
• Spin measurement of 4U 1543-47 with Insight-HXMT and NICER from its 2021 outburst: A test of accretion disk models at high luminosities
• The XMM Newton spectra of the 2012 outburst of the black-hole candidate 4U 1630-47 revisited
• An Insight-HXMT view of the mHz quasi-regular modulation phenomenon in the black hole X-ray binary 4U 1630-47