Optical Quantum Computing

Abstract

Under the label of optical quantum computing, there are a variety of protocols and experiments that use the quantum properties of light to achieve a computational advantage over classical computing machines. In this review, we describe some of the main implementations, which differ in the type of encoding and in how the computation is performed, whether using gates or cluster states. For each protocol, we describe advantages and challenges with an overview of the experimental results obtained, summarized in tables. Because of the great relevance achieved in this field, there is a section dedicated to non-universal quantum computation with photons, where boson sampling, variational quantum eigensolvers, and quantum machine learning applications are described. The aim is to give the reader the broadest overview of the applications where photons and their quantum properties play a key role in computation.

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• Boson sampling with 20 input photons in 60-mode interferometers at $10^{14}$ state spaces
• Phase-Programmable Gaussian Boson Sampling Using Stimulated Squeezed Light
• A photonic cluster state machine gun
• One-Way Quantum Computing in the Optical Frequency Comb
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• From three-photon GHZ states to ballistic universal quantum computation
• Building Gaussian Cluster States by Linear Optics
• Graphical calculus for Gaussian pure states
• Experimental quantum speed-up in reinforcement learning agents
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• Scalable boson-sampling with time-bin encoding using a loop-based architecture
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• Experimental Gaussian Boson Sampling
• Continuous-Variable Quantum Computing in Optical Time-Frequency Modes using Quantum Memories
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• Solving Graph Problems Using Gaussian Boson Sampling
• Continuous Variable Cluster State Generation over the Optical Spatial Mode Comb
• Quantum machine learning with Adaptive Boson Sampling via post-selection
• Universal distributed blind quantum computing with solid-state qubits
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• Experimental preparation and manipulation of squeezed cat states via an all-optical in-line squeezer
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