Quantum Variational Optimization of Ramsey Interferometry and Atomic Clocks

Abstract

We discuss quantum variational optimization of Ramsey interferometry with ensembles of $N$ entangled atoms, and its application to atomic clocks based on a Bayesian approach to phase estimation. We identify best input states and generalized measurements within a variational approximation for the corresponding entangling and decoding quantum circuits. These circuits are built from basic quantum operations available for the particular sensor platform, such as one-axis twisting, or finite range interactions. Optimization is defined relative to a cost function, which in the present study is the Bayesian mean square error of the estimated phase for a given prior distribution, i.e. we optimize for a finite dynamic range of the interferometer. In analogous variational optimizations of optical atomic clocks, we use the Allan deviation for a given Ramsey interrogation time as the relevant cost function for the long-term instability. Remarkably, even low-depth quantum circuits yield excellent results that closely approach the fundamental quantum limits for optimal Ramsey interferometry and atomic clocks. The quantum metrological schemes identified here are readily applicable to atomic clocks based on optical lattices, tweezer arrays, or trapped ions.

21 pages, 13 Figures

References in corpus (12)

• A Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
• Atom Interferometers
• 14-qubit entanglement: creation and coherence
• Nonlinear atom interferometer surpasses classical precision limit
• An ${}^{27}$Al${}^{+}$ quantum-logic clock with systematic uncertainty below $10^{-18}$
• Twin matter waves for interferometry beyond the classical limit
• Ultra-stable optical clock with two cold-atom ensembles
• 2000-times repeated imaging of strontium atoms in clock-magic tweezer arrays
• True precision limits in quantum metrology
• Collective processes of an ensemble of spin-1/2 particles
• Detuning Enhanced Cavity Spin Squeezing
• Optimizing Passive Quantum Clocks

Cited by in corpus (55)

• Challenges and Opportunities in Quantum Machine Learning
• Optimal metrology with programmable quantum sensors
• Long-lived Bell states in an array of optical clock qubits
• Quantum sensing with atomic, molecular, and optical platforms for fundamental physics
• Review: Quantum Metrology and Sensing with Many-Body Systems
• Combining critical and quantum metrology
• Quantum metrology with imperfect measurements
• Variational principle for optimal quantum controls in quantum metrology
• Optimal and Variational Multi-Parameter Quantum Metrology and Vector Field Sensing
• Efficient Information Retrieval for Sensing via Continuous Measurement
• Quantum Simulations in Effective Model Spaces (I): Hamiltonian Learning-VQE using Digital Quantum Computers and Application to the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Model
• Variational waveguide QED simulators
• Black-body radiation induced facilitated excitation of Rydberg atoms in optical tweezers
• Effects of noise on the overparametrization of quantum neural networks
• Efficient Generation of Spin Cat States
• Inference-Based Quantum Sensing
• Dicke State Generation and Extreme Spin Squeezing via Rapid Adiabatic Passage
• Optimal protocols for quantum metrology with noisy measurements
• Natural parameterized quantum circuit
• Taming quantum systems: A tutorial for using shortcuts-to-adiabaticity, quantum optimal control, and reinforcement learning
• Beyond one-axis twisting: Simultaneous spin-momentum squeezing
• Clock precision beyond the Standard Quantum Limit at $10^{-18}$ level
• Limits of noisy quantum metrology with restricted quantum controls
• GHZ protocols enhance frequency metrology despite spontaneous decay
• Atomic clock locking with Bayesian quantum parameter estimation: scheme and experiment
• Quantum precision limits of displacement noise free interferometers
• Bilayer crystals of trapped ions for quantum information processing
• Global Variational Quantum Circuits for Arbitrary Symmetric State Preparation
• Achieving metrological limits using ancilla-free quantum error-correcting codes
• Improved absolute clock stability by the joint interrogation of two atomic states
• Quantum-enhanced differential atom interferometers and clocks with spin-squeezing swapping
• Optimizing one-axis twists for variational Bayesian quantum metrology
• Variational generation of spin squeezing on one-dimensional quantum devices with nearest-neighbor interactions
• Single-shot Quantum Signal Processing Interferometry
• Optimal Ramsey interferometry with echo protocols based on one-axis twisting
• Applications of model-aware reinforcement learning in Bayesian quantum metrology
• Model-aware reinforcement learning for high-performance Bayesian experimental design in quantum metrology
• Enhancing Dynamic Range of Sub-Quantum-Limit Measurements via Quantum Deamplification
• Universal time scalings of sensitivity in Markovian quantum metrology
• Quantum Simulation of Bound-State-Enhanced Quantum Metrology
• Entanglement generation via single-qubit rotations in a torn Hilbert space
• Biasing quantum trajectories for enhanced sensing
• More buck-per-shot: Why learning trumps mitigation in noisy quantum sensing
• Randomized measurements for multi-parameter quantum metrology
• Heisenberg scaling based on population coding
• Identification of a natural fieldlike entanglement resource in trapped-ion chains
• SU(2) hyper-clocks: quantum engineering of spinor interferences for time and frequency metrology
• Integrating Quantum Algorithms with Gravitational-Wave Metrology for Enhanced Signal Detection
• Bosonic Entanglement and Quantum Sensing from Energy Transfer in two-tone Floquet Systems
• Adaptive, symmetry-informed Bayesian metrology for precise quantum technology measurements
• Bayesian Frequency Metrology with Optimal Ramsey Interferometry in Optical Atomic Clocks
• Lieb-Mattis states for robust entangled differential phase sensing
• Extending the dynamic range in quantum frequency estimation with sequential weak measurements
• Optical Quantum Computing
• Stabilizer codes for Heisenberg-limited many-body Hamiltonian estimation