Efficient Classical Simulation of Continuous Variable Quantum Information Processes
arXiv:quant-ph/0109047 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.097904
Abstract
We obtain sufficient conditions for the efficient simulation of a continuous variable quantum algorithm or process on a classical computer. The resulting theorem is an extension of the Gottesman-Knill theorem to continuous variable quantum information. For a collection of harmonic oscillators, any quantum process that begins with unentangled Gaussian states, performs only transformations generated by Hamiltonians that are quadratic in the canonical operators, and involves only measurements of canonical operators (including finite losses) and suitable operations conditioned on these measurements can be simulated efficiently on a classical computer.
5 pages, replaced with published version
References in corpus (12)
- Encoding a qubit in an oscillator
- Quantum computation over continuous variables
- Continuous variable quantum cryptography
- Quantum cryptography with squeezed states
- Instantaneous non-local computation of low T-depth quantum circuits
- The Heisenberg Representation of Quantum Computers
- Secure quantum key distribution using squeezed states
- Error correction for continuous quantum variables
- Quantum cryptography with a predetermined key, using continuous variable Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations
- Universal continuous-variable quantum computation: Requirement of optical nonlinearity for photon counting
- How to share a continuous-variable quantum secret by optical interferometry
- The Mach-Zehnder and the Teleporter
Cited by in corpus (263)
- Gaussian Quantum Information
- Quantum interface between light and atomic ensembles
- Universal Quantum Computation with Continuous-Variable Cluster States
- On the impossibility of distilling Gaussian states with Gaussian operations
- Positive Wigner functions render classical simulation of quantum computation efficient
- Deterministic generation of a two-dimensional cluster state
- Quantum Computing with Continuous-Variable Clusters
- Strawberry Fields: A Software Platform for Photonic Quantum Computing
- Non-Gaussian entanglement distillation for continuous variables
- Cluster States for Continuous-Variable Multipartite Entanglement
- Modes and states in Quantum Optics
- Boson Sampling from Gaussian States
- Blueprint for a Scalable Photonic Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer
- Non-Gaussian Quantum States and Where to Find Them
- Parallel generation of quadripartite cluster entanglement in the optical frequency comb
- Observation of genuine one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering
- Estimating outcome probabilities of quantum circuits using quasiprobabilities
- Graphical calculus for Gaussian pure states
- Discrimination of the binary coherent signal: Gaussian-operation limit and simple non-Gaussian near-optimal receivers
- All-Gaussian universality and fault tolerance with the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill code
- Universal continuous-variable quantum computation: Requirement of optical nonlinearity for photon counting
- Molecular Docking with Gaussian Boson Sampling
- Sufficient Conditions for Efficient Classical Simulation of Quantum Optics
- Demonstration of unconditional one-way quantum computations for continuous variables
- Reconstruction of Gaussian quantum mechanics from Liouville mechanics with an epistemic restriction
- Continuous variable remote state preparation
- Classicality in discrete Wigner functions
- Continuous-variable quantum computing in the quantum optical frequency comb
- Faithful conversion of propagating quantum information to mechanical motion
- Demonstration of a quantum nondemolition sum gate
- Quantifying quantum speedups: improved classical simulation from tighter magic monotones
- Non-Gaussian and Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill state preparation by photon catalysis
- Ultracompact Generation of Continuous-Variable Cluster States
- Measurement of the motional sidebands of a nanogram-scale oscillator in the quantum regime
- Gaussian systems for quantum enhanced multiple phase estimation
- Non-Gaussianity as a signature of a quantum theory of gravity
- Multi-photon state engineering by heralded interference between single photons and coherent states
- Non-Gaussian states for continuous variable quantum computation via Gaussian maps
- Entanglement and Wigner function negativity of multimode non-Gaussian states
- Metrological Nonlinear Squeezing Parameter
- Continuous-variable gate teleportation and bosonic-code error correction
- Efficient simulation scheme for a class of quantum optics experiments with non-negative Wigner representation
- Error tolerance of the BosonSampling model for linear optics quantum computing
- Exploring a new regime for processing optical qubits: squeezing and unsqueezing single photons
- Multimode theory of measurement-induced non-Gaussian operation on wideband squeezed light
- Quantum Teleportation of Optical Quantum Gates
- Full analysis of multi-photon pair effects in spontaneous parametric down conversion based photonic quantum information processing
- Coherent Ising machines -- Quantum optics and neural network perspectives
- Efficient Classical Simulation of Optical Quantum Circuits
- How to decompose arbitrary continuous-variable quantum operations
- Climbing Mount Scalable: Physical-Resource Requirements for a Scalable Quantum Computer
- The Optical Frequency Comb as a One-Way Quantum Computer
- Enhancing quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation for two-mode squeezed vacuum state by local quantum-optical catalysis
- Production of photonic universal quantum gates enhanced by machine learning
- Efficient classical simulation of matchgate circuits with generalized inputs and measurements
- Quantum Graph Neural Networks
- Generation of highly pure Schrödinger's cat states and real-time quadrature measurements via optical filtering
- Certification of non-Gaussian states with operational measurements
- Demonstration of a universal one-way quantum quadratic phase gate
- Tailoring Non-Gaussian Continuous-Variable Graph States
- Building a large-scale quantum computer with continuous-variable optical technologies
- Tomography of a Mode-Tunable Coherent Single-Photon Subtractor
- Universal control of a bosonic mode via drive-activated native cubic interactions
- Boson sampling with Gaussian measurements
- Quantification and manipulation of magic states
- Entanglement is not a critical resource for quantum metrology
- From estimation of quantum probabilities to simulation of quantum circuits
- Sampling arbitrary photon-added or photon-subtracted squeezed states is in the same complexity class as boson sampling
- Weaving quantum optical frequency combs into continuous-variable hypercubic cluster states
- Continuous-Variable Sampling from Photon-Added or Photon-Subtracted Squeezed States
- Room-Temperature Photonic Logical Qubits via Second-Order Nonlinearities
- Capacity of optical communication in loss and noise with general Gaussian receivers
- Complex Quantum Networks: a Topical Review
- Examples of Gaussian cluster computation
- Classifying, quantifying, and witnessing qudit-qumode hybrid entanglement
- Quantum Entropy and Central Limit Theorem
- Quantum Analogue Computing
- Gaussian Optical Ising Machines
- Witnessing Wigner Negativity
- Continuous-variable quantum teleportation of entanglement
- Benchmarking of Gaussian boson sampling using two-point correlators
- Efficient representation of Gaussian states for multi-mode non-Gaussian quantum state engineering via subtraction of arbitrary number of photons
- Conditional non-Gaussian quantum state preparation
- Architecture and noise analysis of continuous-variable quantum gates using two-dimensional cluster states
- On continuous variable quantum algorithms for oracle identification problems
- Efficient measurement-based quantum computing with continuous-variable systems
- Universal quantum computation on the power of quantum non-demolition measurements
- Efficient solvability of Hamiltonians and limits on the power of some quantum computational models
- Measurement-based generation and preservation of cat and grid states within a continuous-variable cluster state
- Classical simulation of Gaussian quantum circuits with non-Gaussian input states
- Optimal Control Theory for Continuous Variable Quantum Gates
- Fast estimation of outcome probabilities for quantum circuits
- Experimental test of strongly non-classical character of a noisy squeezed single-photon state
- Advances in Bosonic Quantum Error Correction with Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill Codes: Theory, Engineering and Applications
- Programmable and sequential Gaussian gates in a loop-based single-mode photonic quantum processor
- Could Gaussian regenerative stations act as quantum repeaters?
- Efficient verification of Boson Sampling
- Interpretable Quantum Advantage in Neural Sequence Learning
- Nonlinear squeezing for measurement-based non-Gaussian operations in time domain
- State-independent quantum tomography of a single-photon state by photon-number-resolving measurements
- Characterizing photon number statistics using conjugate optical homodyne detection
- Efficient simulatability of continuous-variable circuits with large Wigner negativity
- Non-Gaussian Nature and Entanglement of Spontaneous Parametric Nondegenerate Triple-Photon Generation
- Introduction to Quantum Error Correction and Fault Tolerance
- Analog quantum simulation of partial differential equations
- Sampling generalized cat states with linear optics is probably hard
- Continuous variables quantum computation over the vibrational modes of a single trapped ion
- Exact Boson Sampling using Gaussian continuous variable measurements
- Entanglement-Assisted Quantum Error Correction with Linear Optics
- Hybrid Oscillator-Qubit Quantum Processors: Instruction Set Architectures, Abstract Machine Models, and Applications
- Wave-function engineering via conditional quantum teleportation with non-Gaussian entanglement resource
- Optical quantum computing with photons of arbitrarily low fidelity and purity
- Continuous-variable teleportation of a negative Wigner function
- Non-Clifford gate on optical qubits by nonlinear feedforward
- Noiseless conditional teleportation of a single photon
- Stabilizing volume-law entangled states of fermions and qubits using local dissipation
- Anyonic statistics with continuous variables
- All-optical quantum computing using cubic phase gates
- Approximate reversal of quantum Gaussian dynamics
- Holomorphic representation of quantum computations
- Information/disturbance trade-off in continuous variable Gaussian systems
- Mesoscopic ultrafast nonlinear optics -- The emergence of multimode quantum non-Gaussian physics
- Inefficiency of classically simulating linear optical quantum computing with Fock-state inputs
- Effective squeezing enhancement via measurement-induced non-Gaussian operation and its application to dense coding scheme
- Quantum Nondemolition Gate Operations and Measurements in Real Time on Fluctuating Signals
- Quantum error correction with higher Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill codes: minimal measurements and linear optics
- SU(1,1) symmetry of multimode squeezed states
- Graphical description of local Gaussian operations for continuous-variable weighted graph states
- Practical quantum somewhat-homomorphic encryption with coherent states
- Classical simulation of non-Gaussian fermionic circuits
- Generation of Kerr non-Gaussian motional states of trapped ions
- Phase-space methods for representing, manipulating, and correcting Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill qubits
- Deterministic nonlinear phase gates induced by a single qubit
- Detecting Topological Entanglement Entropy in a Lattice of Quantum Harmonic Oscillators
- Negative Wigner function at telecommunication wavelength from homodyne detection
- Local complementation rule for continuous-variable four-mode unweighted graph states
- Spatiotemporal graph states from a single optical parametric oscillator
- Efficient simulation of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states with Gaussian circuits
- Shaping photons: quantum computation with bosonic cQED
- Spacetime replication of continuous variable quantum information
- Quantum Optimization for Training Quantum Neural Networks
- Critical Topology for Optimization on the Symplectic Group
- Robust transmission of non-Gaussian entanglement over optical fibers
- Simulation of quantum optics by coherent state decomposition
- Signatures of Many-Particle Interference
- Entanglement Enhanced Estimation of a Parameter Embedded in Multiple Phases
- Equivalent efficiency of a simulated photon-number detector
- Continuous-variable quantum approximate optimization on a programmable photonic quantum processor
- Bridging magic and non-Gaussian resources via Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill encoding
- Generation of Highly Pure Single-Photon State at Telecommunication Wavelength
- Characterizing the performance of continuous-variable Gaussian quantum gates
- Subtraction and Addition of Propagating Photons by Two-Level Emitters
- An algorithmic proof for the completeness of two-dimensional Ising model
- Pulsed quantum interaction between two distant mechanical oscillators
- Analyzing the Gaussian character of the spectral quantum state of light via quantum noise measurements
- Non-Gaussian entanglement swapping
- Resources for universal quantum state manipulation and engineering
- Bipartite Entanglement in Continuous-Variable Cluster States
- The vacuum provides quantum advantage to otherwise simulatable architectures
- Client-friendly continuous-variable blind and verifiable quantum computing
- Quantum Logical Gates with Linear Quadripartite Cluster States of Continuous Variables
- Information Theoretically Secure Hypothesis Test for Temporally Unstructured Quantum Computation (Extended Abstract)
- Dual form of the phase-space classical simulation problem in quantum optics
- Are all Gaussian states also cluster states? Essential diagnostic tools for continuous-variable one-way quantum computing
- Structurally stable subharmonic regime of a driven quantum Josephson circuit
- Information Theoretically Secure Hypothesis Test for Temporally Unstructured Quantum Computation
- Photon subtraction from traveling fields - recent experimental demonstrations
- Sufficient condition for universal quantum computation using bosonic circuits
- Continuous Variable Quantum Perceptron
- Continuous-variable ramp quantum secret sharing with Gaussian states and operations
- Hybrid quantum computing with ancillas
- Efficient verification of bosonic quantum channels via benchmarking
- All-optical measurement-device-free feedforward enabling ultra-fast quantum information processing
- Completeness of classical theory on 2D lattices
- Continuous-variable multipartite unlockable bound entangled Gaussian states
- Quantum Machine Learning using Gaussian Processes with Performant Quantum Kernels
- Simulating macroscopic quantum correlations in linear networks
- Manipulation of single-photon states encoded in transverse spatial modes: possible and impossible tasks
- Ancilla-driven quantum computation for qudits and continuous variables
- Virtual distillation with noise dilution
- Simulating arbitrary Gaussian circuits with linear optics
- Seeding Gaussian boson samplers with single photons for enhanced state generation
- Analysis of optical quantum state preparation using photon detectors in the finite-temporal-resolution regime
- From the Bloch sphere to phase space representations with the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill encoding
- The computational power of normalizer circuits over black-box groups
- Faster Born probability estimation via gate merging and frame optimisation
- Continuous-variable quantum kernel method on a programmable photonic quantum processor
- Classical simulation of boson sampling with sparse output
- Entanglement of a class of non-Gaussian states in disordered harmonic oscillator systems
- Universal Quantum Computation with Continuous-Variable Abelian Anyons
- Efficient Learning of Continuous-Variable Quantum States
- Graphical rule of transforming continuous-variable graph states by local homodyne detection
- Quantum Kernel Machine Learning With Continuous Variables
- Efficient detection of nonclassicality using moments of the Wigner function
- Photonic counterdiabatic quantum optimization algorithm
- Quantum superadditivity in linear optics networks: sending bits via multiple access Gaussian channels
- Quantum non-Gaussianity criteria based on vacuum probabilities of original and attenuated state
- The Hintons in your Neural Network: a Quantum Field Theory View of Deep Learning
- Implementing arbitrary multi-mode continuous-variable quantum gates with fixed non-Gaussian states and adaptive linear optics
- Efficient classical computation of expectation values in a class of quantum circuits with an epistemically restricted phase space representation
- Numerical model for macroscopic quantum superpositions based on phase-covariant quantum cloning
- Clifford operations and homological codes for rotors and oscillators
- Quantum computing for data science
- Characterization of Quantumness of non-Gaussian states under the influence of Gaussian channel
- Quantum circuit dynamics via path integrals: Is there a classical action for discrete-time paths?
- Mode-selective single-photon addition to a multimode quantum field
- Efficient Code for Relativistic Quantum Summoning
- Toolbox for non-classical state calculations
- Optimal sensing of photon addition and subtraction on nonclassical light
- Scheme for constructing graphs associated with stabilizer quantum codes
- Limit of Gaussian operations and measurements for Gaussian state discrimination, and its application to state comparison
- Wigner distribution on a double cylinder phase space for studying quantum error correction protocol
- Normalizer circuits and a Gottesman-Knill theorem for infinite-dimensional systems
- Normalizer Circuits and Quantum Computation
- Engineering Bosonic Codes with Quantum Lattice Gates
- Bosonic data hiding: power of linear vs non-linear optics
- Machine learning for efficient generation of universal hybrid quantum computing resources
- Sequential and Programmable Squeezing Gates for Optical Non-Gaussian Input States
- Methods for Classically Simulating Noisy Networked Quantum Architectures
- Fundamental limitations to key distillation from Gaussian states with Gaussian operations
- Quadrature Coherence Scale of Linear Combinations of Gaussian Functions in Phase Space
- Time-domain programmable beam-splitter operations for an optical phase-sensitive non-Gaussian state
- Complete conversion between one and two photons in nonlinear waveguides with tailored dispersion
- Temporal Quantum Noise Reduction Acquired by an Electron-Multiplying Charge-Coupled-Device Camera
- Graphical Framework for Non-Gaussian Quantum States
- End-to-end switchless architecture for fault-tolerant photonic quantum computing
- Gaussian quantum computation with oracle-decision problems
- Dynamical multipartite entanglement in a generalized Tavis-Cummings model with XY spin interaction
- The stellar decomposition of Gaussian quantum states
- Universal Continuous Variable Quantum Computation in the Micromaser
- On the Structure of Protocols for Magic State Distillation
- Generating Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill qubit using a cross-Kerr interaction between a squeezed light and Fock states in optics
- Optimized numerical gradient and Hessian estimation for variational quantum algorithms
- Continuous Variable Quantum Advantages and Applications in Quantum Optics
- Stellar representation of extremal Wigner-negative spin states
- Building trust for continuous variable quantum states
- Atom-Mechanical Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference
- ZX Graphical Calculus for Continuous-Variable Quantum Processes
- Efficient trainability of linear optical modules in quantum optical neural networks
- Quantum computational advantage implies contextuality
- Photonic Hybrid Quantum Computing
- Analyzing performance of -deformed displaced Fock state in continuous-variable quantum teleportation
- A Quantum Non-Gaussianity Criterion Based on Photon Correlations and
- Circuit analysis of quantum measurement
- Teleportation-based squeezer for bosonic cluster states
- Application and quantum properties of superpositions of oppositely squeezed states
- The Interplay between Quantum Contextuality and Wigner Negativity
- Pinching operators for approximating multiphoton entangled states
- Dynamical complexity of non-Gaussian many-body systems with dissipation
- Non-Gaussianity from superselection rules
- Proposal for a computation procedure based on continuous-variable post-selected teleportation
- Visualization of Manifold-Valued Elements by Multidimensional Scaling
- Continuous Generation and Stabilization of Mesoscopic Field Superposition States in a Quantum Circuit
- Scalable Optical Quantum State Synthesizer with Dual-Mode Resonator Memory
- Arbitrarily large violations of non-contextuality in single mode photon states with positive Wigner function
- Least-Squares on the Real Symplectic Group
- Optical Quantum Computing
- The symplectic rank of non-Gaussian quantum states
- Nonlocality in Continuous-Variable Quantum Networks
- Classical algorithms for measurement-adaptive Gaussian circuits
- Resourcefulness of non-classical continuous-variable quantum gates
- Complexity of Gaussian quantum optics with a limited number of non-linearities
- Isospectral oscillators as a resource for quantum information processing