Investigating the emission signatures of pulsar halo candidate HESS J1813-126

Abstract

Extended gamma-ray sources surrounding middle-aged pulsars, primarily observed at teraelectronvolt energies, have been interpreted as pulsar halos, where relativistic $e^{\pm }$ diffuse into the interstellar medium and produce inverse-Compton (IC) emission. HESS J1813-126, associated with the energetic, radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar PSR J1813-1246, has been suggested as a candidate pulsar halo, though its nature remains uncertain. We interpreted the high-energy emission of PSR J1813-1246 using the synchro-curvature (SC) radiation model and tested whether the gamma-ray spectral energy distribution (SED) of HESS J1813-126 can be explained as a pulsar halo powered by PSR J1813-1246. We explain the X-ray and gamma-ray SEDs of the pulsar using the SC framework. We further computed the transport and losses of $e^{\pm }$ injected by the pulsar through time-dependent diffusion-loss equations, exploring various common pulsar halo transport models. The resulting IC emission was compared with \textit{Fermi}-LAT, H.E.S.S., HAWC, and LHAASO data. We present predictions for the surface brightness profiles (SBPs) and the aperture-dependent emission for the different transport models, providing key diagnostics for assessing the observability of HESS J1813-126 with current and future instruments. The SC framework successfully reproduces the emission of PSR J1813-1246. The SED of HESS J1813-126 can be consistently reproduced within different pulsar halo frameworks, albeit with distinct predictions across different transport models. The corresponding SBP predictions and aperture-dependent emission offer testable signatures for future imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, which will be crucial for discriminating between the transport models. We further examined the link between the pulsar central engine and its extended halo by comparing the pair multiplicities in the magnetospheric and halo regions.

arXiv comment15 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) and in press

References in corpus (80)

• Observation of an anomalous positron abundance in the cosmic radiation
• Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
• Time-dependent force-free pulsar magnetospheres: axisymmetric and oblique rotators
• The Second Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars
• The Evolution and Structure of Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• Studies in Astronomical Time Series Analysis. VI. Bayesian Block Representations
• Measurement of separate cosmic-ray electron and positron spectra with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Extended gamma-ray sources around pulsars constrain the origin of the positron flux at Earth
• The Axisymmetric Pulsar Magnetosphere
• The H.E.S.S. Galactic plane survey
• An Algorithm for Optimal Partitioning of Data on an Interval
• Detection of 16 Gamma-Ray Pulsars Through Blind Frequency Searches Using the Fermi LAT
• Two-Pole Caustic Model for High-Energy Lightcurves of Pulsars
• Precise Gamma-Ray Timing and Radio Observations of 17 Fermi Gamma-Ray Pulsars
• Modeling of Gamma-Ray Pulsar Light Curves with Force-Free Magnetic Field
• The First LHAASO Catalog of Gamma-Ray Sources
• Cosmic Ray Propagation: Nonlinear Diffusion Parallel and Perpendicular to Mean Magnetic Field
• 3HWC: The Third HAWC Catalog of Very-High-Energy Gamma-ray Sources
• An Atlas For Interpreting Gamma-Ray Pulsar Light Curves
• Dark Matter and Pulsar Origins of the Rising Cosmic Ray Positron Fraction in Light of New Data From AMS
• HAWC Observations Strongly Favor Pulsar Interpretations of the Cosmic-Ray Positron Excess
• Toward a Realistic Pulsar Magnetosphere
• Angular, spectral, and time distributions of highest energy protons and associated secondary gamma-rays and neutrinos propagating through extragalactic magnetic and radiation fields
• High Energy Positrons From Annihilating Dark Matter
• On the TeV Halo Fraction in gamma-ray bright Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• Self-Generated Cosmic-Ray Confinement in TeV Halos: Implications for TeV Gamma-Ray Emission and the Positron Excess
• AMS-02 data confronts acceleration of cosmic ray secondaries in nearby sources
• Detection of a $\gamma$-ray halo around Geminga with the Fermi-LAT and implications for the positron flux
• Origin of the Cosmic Ray Galactic Halo Driven by Advected Turbulence and Self-Generated Waves
• Lessons from HAWC PWNe observations: the diffusion constant is not a constant; Pulsars remain the likeliest sources of the anomalous positron fraction; Cosmic rays are trapped for long periods of time in pockets of inefficient diffusion
• Cosmic-ray transport from AMS-02 B/C data: benchmark models and interpretation
• Two-zone diffusion of electrons and positrons from Geminga explains the positron anomaly
• On the maximum pair multiplicity of pulsar cascades
• TeV Halos are Everywhere: Prospects for New Discoveries
• Kaluza-Klein Dark Matter and the Positron Excess
• Rotational sweepback of magnetic field lines in geometrical models of pulsar radio emission
• Microphysics of cosmic ray driven plasma instabilities
• Fermi-LAT Search for Pulsar Wind Nebulae around gamma-ray Pulsars
• Understanding the multiwavelength observation of Geminga's TeV halo: the role of anisotropic diffusion of particles
• Positron flux and gamma-ray emission from Geminga pulsar and pulsar wind nebula
• Possible origin of the slow-diffusion region around Geminga
• Constraining the properties of the magnetic turbulence in the Geminga region using HAWC $\gamma$-ray data
• Contribution of pulsars to cosmic-ray positrons in light of recent observation of inverse-Compton halos
• Cosmic-Ray Propagation in Light of Recent Observation of Geminga
• Altitude-dependent polarization in radio pulsars
• Self-Generated Cosmic-Ray Turbulence Can Explain the Morphology of TeV Halos
• Does the Geminga, Monogem and PSR J0622+3749 $\gamma$-ray halos imply slow diffusion around pulsars?
• Superluminal problem in diffusion of relativistic particles and its phenomenological solution
• Measuring the Local Diffusion Coefficient with H.E.S.S. Observations of Very High-Energy Electrons
• Order parameters for the high-energy spectra of pulsars
• GeV observations of the extended pulsar wind nebulae constrain the pulsar interpretations of the cosmic-ray positron excess
• Compact formulae, dynamics and radiation of charged particles under synchro-curvature losses
• On transition of propagation of relativistic particles from the ballistic to the diffusion regime
• Extending the Event-weighted Pulsation Search to Very Faint Gamma-ray Sources
• Dynamical Effects of Cosmic Rays on the Medium Surrounding Their Sources
• The Physics of Pulsar Halos: Research Progress and Prospect
• Synchro-curvature modelling of the multi-frequency non-thermal emission of pulsars
• Anisotropic diffusion cannot explain TeV halo observations
• Population synthesis of pulsar wind nebulae and pulsar halos in the Milky Way -- Predicted contributions to the very-high-energy sky
• An assessment of the pulsar outer gap model. I: Assumptions, uncertainties, and implications for the gap size and the accelerating field
• On the puzzling high-energy pulsations of the energetic radio-quiet $\gamma$-ray pulsar J1813$-$1246
• Multi-wavelength study of the galactic PeVatron candidate LHAASO J2108+5157
• Spectrum and extension of the inverse-Compton emission of the Crab Nebula from a combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. analysis
• HESS J1809$-$193: a halo of escaped electrons around a pulsar wind nebula?
• A systematic synchro-curvature modelling of pulsar $\gamma$-ray spectra unveils hidden trends
• Investigating $\gamma$-ray halos around three HAWC bright sources in Fermi-LAT data
• An assessment of the pulsar outer gap model. II: Implications for the predicted $\gamma$-ray spectra
• Ultra-high Energy Gamma-rays from Past Explosions in our Galaxy
• Detection of a new molecular cloud in the LHAASO J2108+5157 region supporting a hadronic PeVatron scenario
• On the surface brightness radial profile of the extended $\gamma$-ray sources
• Positron Excess from Cosmic Ray Interactions in Galactic Molecular Clouds
• Supernova connection of unidentified ultra high energy gamma-ray source LHAASO J2108+5157
• Study of maximum electron energy of sub-PeV pulsar wind nebulae by multiwavelength modelling
• Investigating the radiative properties of LHAASO J1908+0621
• LHAASO J2226+6057 as a pulsar wind nebula
• A novel approach for the analysis of the geometry involved in determining light curves of pulsars
• Dissecting the emission from LHAASO J0341+5258: implications for future multi-wavelength observations
• Testing source confusion and identification capability in Cherenkov Telescope Array data
• Deriving pulsar pair-production multiplicities from pulsar wind nebulae using H.E.S.S. and LHAASO observations
• Extended TeV Halos May Commonly Exist around Middle-Aged Pulsars