Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmological constraints from second and third-order shear statistics

Abstract

We present a cosmological analysis of the third-order aperture mass statistic using Dark Energy Survey Year 3 (DES Y3) data. We perform a complete tomographic measurement of the three-point correlation function of the Y3 weak lensing shape catalog with the four fiducial source redshift bins. Building upon our companion methodology paper, we apply a pipeline that combines the two-point function ${\xi }_{\pm }$ with the mass aperture skewness statistic $⟨M_{\mathrm{ap}}^3⟩$, which is an efficient compression of the full shear three-point function. We use a suite of simulated shear maps to obtain a joint covariance matrix. By jointly analyzing ${\xi }_{\pm }$ and $⟨M_{\mathrm{ap}}^3⟩$ measured from DES Y3 data with a $\Lambda$CDM model, we find $S_8=0.780\pm 0.015$ and ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}}=0.266_{-0.040}^{+0.039}$, yielding 111% of figure-of-merit improvement in ${\Omega }_m$-$S_8$ plane relative to ${\xi }_{\pm }$ alone, consistent with expectations from simulated likelihood analyses. With a $w$CDM model, we find $S_8=0.749_{-0.026}^{+0.027}$ and $w_0=-1.39\pm 0.31$, which gives an improvement of $22\%$ on the joint $S_8$-$w_0$ constraint. Our results are consistent with $w_0=-1$. Our new constraints are compared to CMB data from the Planck satellite, and we find that with the inclusion of $⟨M_{\mathrm{ap}}^3⟩$ the existing tension between the data sets is at the level of $2.3\sigma$. We show that the third-order statistic enables us to self-calibrate the mean photometric redshift uncertainty parameter of the highest redshift bin with little degradation in the figure of merit. Our results demonstrate the constraining power of higher-order lensing statistics and establish $⟨M_{\mathrm{ap}}^3⟩$ as a practical observable for joint analyses in current and future surveys.

Accepted version. 25 pages, 15 figures

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