Cosmic-Ray Constraints on the Flux of Ultra-High-Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A

Abstract

The detection of a $\simeq 220$~PeV muon neutrino event by the KM3NeT telescope offers an unprecedented opportunity to probe the Universe at extreme energies. A photopion interaction origin of the neutrino requires a parent cosmic-ray energy of $\gtrsim 4$~EeV per nucleon. We analyze the origin of this event under three scenarios, i.e., a transient point source, diffuse astrophysical emission, and a line-of-sight interaction of an ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR; $E\gtrsim 0.1$~EeV). Our analysis includes the flux from both a KM3NeT-only fit and a joint fit, incorporating data from KM3NeT, IceCube, and the Pierre Auger Observatory. If the neutrino event originates from transients, it requires a new population of transients that is energetic, $\gamma$-ray dark, and more abundant than the known ones. In the framework of diffuse astrophysical emission, we compare the required local UHECR energy injection rate at $\gtrsim 4$ EeV with the rate derived from the flux measurements by Auger, across various source redshift evolution models. This disfavors the KM3NeT-only fit considering the source evolution up to high values of redshift, while the joint fit remains viable for sources contributing up to a maximum redshift $z_{\max }\gtrsim 1$ for the limiting case of photopion interaction efficiency, $f_{p\gamma }=0.1$. For a cosmogenic origin from point sources, the luminosity obtained at redshifts $z\lesssim 1$ from the joint fit is compatible with the Eddington luminosity of $\sim 10^9{M}_{\odot }$ black holes in active galactic nuclei, assuming a proton composition and optimistic values of extragalactic magnetic field strength.

arXiv comment7 pages, 4 figures; Updated version accepted in ApJ

References in corpus (83)

• On the normalisation of the cosmic star formation history
• Evidence for High-Energy Extraterrestrial Neutrinos at the IceCube Detector
• Observation of High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos in Three Years of IceCube Data
• High Energy Neutrinos from Cosmological Gamma-Ray Burst Fireballs
• Evidence for strong extragalactic magnetic fields from Fermi observations of TeV blazars
• High Energy Neutrinos from Astrophysical Sources: An Upper Bound
• Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars From Multi-Messenger Observations of GW170817
• Gamma-Ray Bursts: Progress, Problems & Prospects
• Gamma-ray Burst Afterglow with Continuous Energy Injection: Signature of a Highly-Magnetized Millisecond Pulsar
• The Proto-Magnetar Model for Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Discovery of the Onset of Rapid Accretion by a Dormant Massive Black Hole
• Modeling GW170817 based on numerical relativity and its implications
• Magnetars: the physics behind observations
• Afterglow lightcurves, viewing angle and the jet structure of gamma-ray bursts
• Revealing the High-Redshift Star Formation Rate with Gamma-Ray Bursts
• X-Ray Flares from Postmerger Millisecond Pulsars
• Magnetar Spindown, Hyper-Energetic Supernovae, and Gamma Ray Bursts
• The 5th edition of the Roma-BZCAT. A short presentation
• Combined fit of spectrum and composition data as measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory
• CRPropa 3 - a Public Astrophysical Simulation Framework for Propagating Extraterrestrial Ultra-High Energy Particles
• Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane
• The rate, luminosity function and time delay of non-Collapsar short GRBs
• TeV Neutrinos from Successful and Choked Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Optical and X-ray emission from stable millisecond magnetars formed from the merger of binary neutron stars
• TeV-PeV Neutrinos from Low-Power Gamma-Ray Burst Jets inside Stars
• The Cosmic Evolution of Fermi BL Lacertae Objects
• Cosmogenic Neutrinos: parameter space and detectabilty from PeV to ZeV
• New physical insights about Tidal Disruption Events from a comprehensive observational inventory at X-ray wavelengths
• A tidal disruption event coincident with a high-energy neutrino
• Magnetars in the Metagalaxy: An Origin for Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in the Nearby Universe
• The Luminosity Function of Fermi-detected Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars
• High Energy Neutrinos and Cosmic-Rays from Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts?
• Jet opening angles and gamma-ray brightness of AGN
• High-energy cosmic-ray nuclei from high- and low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts and implications for multi-messenger astronomy
• Choked Jets and Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts as Hidden Neutrino Sources
• Rates of Superluminous Supernovae at z~0.2
• Modelling of isolated radio pulsars and magnetars on the fossil field hypothesis
• Extra-galactic high-energy transients: event rate densities and luminosity functions
• A unified picture for low-luminosity and long gamma-ray bursts based on the extended progenitor of llgrb 060218/SN 2006aj
• Role of line-of-sight cosmic ray interactions in forming the spectra of distant blazars in TeV gamma rays and high-energy neutrinos
• Superluminous supernovae
• A very luminous jet from the disruption of a star by a massive black hole
• Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays from Black Hole Jets of Radio Galaxies
• Probing the birth of fast rotating magnetars through high-energy neutrinos
• Empirical constraints on the origin of fast radio bursts: volumetric rates and host galaxy demographics as a test of millisecond magnetar connection
• Rates of Stellar Tidal Disruption
• Cosmogenic photon and neutrino fluxes in the Auger era
• CRPropa 3.2 -- an advanced framework for high-energy particle propagation in extragalactic and galactic spaces
• High-Energy Neutrino and Gamma-Ray Emission from Tidal Disruption Events
• High-Energy Neutrinos from Millisecond Magnetars formed from the Merger of Binary Neutron Stars
• Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays and Neutrinos from Tidal Disruptions by Massive Black Holes
• Radio Observations of an Ordinary Outflow from the Tidal Disruption Event AT2019dsg
• Are all short-hard gamma-ray bursts produced from mergers of compact stellar objects?
• Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Backgrounds as Probes of the High-Energy Universe: Hints of Cascades, General Constraints, and Implications for TeV Searches
• Neutrino Background Flux from Sources of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Nuclei
• GRB060218 as a Tidal Disruption of a White Dwarf by an Intermediate Mass Black Hole
• Probing the tidal disruption flares of massive black holes with high-energy neutrinos
• Interpretation of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux in terms of the blazar sequence
• Tidal Disruption and Magnetic Flux Capture: Powering a Jet from a Quiescent Black Hole
• Kilonova Emission From Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers. II. Luminosity Function and Implications for Target-of-opportunity Observations of Gravitational-wave Triggers and Blind Searches
• Host galaxies and black hole masses of low and high luminosity radio loud active nuclei
• High energy neutrinos from a slow jet model of core collapse supernovae
• Lower limits on ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray and jet powers of TeV blazars
• Multimessenger Implications of AT2018cow: High-Energy Cosmic Ray and Neutrino Emissions from Magnetar-Powered Super-Luminous Transients
• High-Energy Emission Induced by Ultra-High-Energy Photons as a Probe of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Accelerators Embedded in the Cosmic Web
• Magnetic Fields in Gamma-Ray Bursts: A Short Review
• High-Energy Neutrinos from Active Galactic Nuclei
• Effects of Cosmic Infrared Background on High Energy Delayed Gamma-Rays from Gamma-Ray Bursts
• On the origin of the radio emission of Sw 1644+57
• Catching jetted tidal disruption events early in millimetre
• A model for the multiwavelength radiation from tidal disruption event Swift J1644+57
• Open issues with the gamma-ray burst redshift distribution
• High Energy Neutrinos from Choked Gamma-Ray Bursts in AGN Accretion Disks
• Inference of the Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays with energies from $10^{18.5}$ to $10^{20}$ eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory and Deep Learning
• Ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray interactions as the origin of very high energy $\gamma -$rays from BL Lacs
• Super heavy dark matter origin of the PeV neutrino event: KM3-230213A
• The Properties of Parsec-Scale Blazar Jets
• Cascaded Gamma-ray Emission Associated with the KM3NeT Ultra-High-Energy Event KM3-230213A
• Modeling the spectrum and composition of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays with two populations of extragalactic sources
• Cosmogenic gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes from blazars associated with IceCube events
• Neutrino Fluence from Gamma-Ray Bursts: Off-Axis View of Structured Jets
• Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays and neutrinos from light nuclei composition
• PeV-EeV neutrinos from gamma-ray blazars due to ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray propagation

Cited by in corpus (5)

• An Accretion Flare Interpretation for the Ultra-High-Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A
• Cosmogenic Origin of KM3-230213A: Delayed Gamma-Ray Emission from A Cosmic-Ray Transient
• Ultra High Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A as a Signal of Electroweak Vacuum Turbulence in Merging Black Hole Binaries
• Superluminal constraints from ultra-high-energy neutrino events
• Modeling the imprints of large-scale magnetized structures on $\gamma$-rays from extragalactic transients