High-order fluctuations of temperature in hot QCD matter

Abstract

A new thermodynamic state function is introduced to describe the thermodynamics relevant for the mean transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles in heavy-ion collisions, which allows us to compute the temperature fluctuations of different orders in hot quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter for the first time. Consequently, it is found that the temperature fluctuations are suppressed remarkably as the system transitions from the hadron resonance gas (HRG) to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) with increasing temperature or baryon chemical potential, alongside a negative skewness. This is attributed to the general fact that the heat capacity of QCD matter increases significantly in QGP in comparison to that in HRG. These predictions provide a candidate observable to discover the thermodynamic temperature fluctuations in upcoming heavy-ion collision experiments, which also paves a novel way to study QCD thermodynamics and QCD phase diagram through measurements of the mean transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles.

14 pages, 14 figures

References in corpus (21)

• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• Chiral phase structure and critical end point in QCD
• Properties of the QCD Matter -- An Experimental Review of Selected Results from RHIC BES Program
• Evidence for the production of thermal muon pairs with masses above 1 GeV/c^2 in 158A GeV Indium-Indium Collisions
• Locating the critical endpoint of QCD: mesonic backcoupling effects
• Imaging Shapes of Atomic Nuclei in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Baryon number fluctuations at finite temperature and density
• QCD at finite temperature and density within the fRG approach: An overview
• Proton number cumulants and correlation functions in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV from hydrodynamics
• Higher-Order Cumulants and Correlation Functions of Proton Multiplicity Distributions in $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au Collisions at the RHIC STAR Experiment
• Ripples of the QCD Critical Point
• Soft modes in hot QCD matter
• Virtual Photons Shed Light on the Early Temperature of Dense QCD Matter
• Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC
• Skewness and kurtosis of mean transverse momentum fluctuations at the LHC energies
• Disentangling sources of momentum fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector
• The QCD moat regime and its real-time properties
• Imaging nuclear shape through anisotropic and radial flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Accessing the speed of sound in relativistic ultracentral nucleus-nucleus collisions using the mean transverse momentum
• Specific heat and its high-order moments in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from a multiphase transport model
• Universality of pseudo-Goldstone damping near critical points