Ferromagnetic Resonance in a Magnetically Dilute Percolating Ferromagnet: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

Abstract

Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) serves as a powerful probe of magnetization dynamics and anisotropy in percolating ferromagnets, where short-range interactions govern long-range magnetic order. We apply this approach to Ga${}_{1-x}$Mn${}_x$N ($x\simeq 8$\%), a dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor, combining FMR and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. Our results confirm the percolative nature of ferromagnetism in (Ga,Mn)N, with a Curie temperature $T_{\mathrm{C}}=12$ K, and reveal that despite magnetic dilution, key features of conventional ferromagnets are retained. FMR measurements establish a robust uniaxial anisotropy, dictated by Mn${}^{3+}$ single-ion anisotropy, with an easy-plane character at low Mn content. While excessive line broadening suppresses FMR signals below 9 K, they persist up to 70~K, indicating the presence of non-percolating ferromagnetic clusters well above $T_{\mathrm{C}}$. The temperature dependence of the FMR intensity follows that of the magnetization, underscoring the stability of these clusters. We quantitatively describe both FMR and SQUID observables using atomistic spin model operating on a common set of parameters. The level of agreement, achieved without tuning parameters between datasets, demonstrates the robustness and practical applicability of the approach in capturing the essential physics of spin-diluted, percolating ferromagnets. This study advances the understanding of percolating ferromagnetic systems, demonstrating that FMR is a key technique for probing their unique dynamic and anisotropic properties. Our findings contribute to the broader exploration of dilute ferromagnets and provide new insights into percolating ferromagnetic systems, which will be relevant for spintronic opportunities.

18 pages, 8 figures

References in corpus (39)

• Atomistic spin model simulations of magnetic nanomaterials
• Prospects of high temperature ferromagnetism in (Ga,Mn)As semiconductors
• A method for atomistic spin dynamics simulations: implementation and examples
• Visualizing Critical Correlations near the Metal-Insulator Transition in Ga1-xMnxAs
• Experimental probing of the interplay between ferromagnetism and localisation in (Ga,Mn)As
• Quantitative simulation of temperature dependent magnetization dynamics and equilibrium properties of elemental ferromagnets
• Sensitive SQUID magnetometry for studying nano-magnetism
• Spinodal nanodecomposition in magnetically doped semiconductors
• A story of high-temperature ferromagnetism in semiconductors
• Interplay between carrier localization and magnetism in diluted magnetic and ferromagnetic semiconductors
• Magnetization relaxation in (Ga,Mn)As ferromagnetic semiconductors
• Structural and paramagnetic properties of dilute Ga1-xMnxN
• Experimental probing of exchange interactions between localized spins in the dilute magnetic insulator (Ga,Mn)N
• Aggregation and magnetism of Cr, Mn, and Fe cations in GaN
• Phase diagram and critical behavior of the random ferromagnet $G{a}_{1-x}M{n}_{x}N$
• Origin of low-temperature magnetic ordering in Ga1-xMnxN
• Low-temperature magnetization of (Ga,Mn)As semiconductors
• Homogenous and heterogeneous magnetism in (Zn,Co)O
• GaMnN epitaxial films with high magnetization
• Stretching magnetism with an electric field in a nitride semiconductor
• High Curie temperatures at low compensation in the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As
• On the origin of magnetism in (Ga,Mn)As: from paramagnetic through superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic phase
• Fermi level and bands offsets determination in insulating (Ga,Mn)N/GaN structures
• Impact of substrate temperature on magnetic properties of plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy grown (Ga,Mn)N
• In situ compensation method for high-precision and high-sensitivity integral magnetometry
• Magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetization reversal in GaMnP synthesized by ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting
• Thickness dependence of magnetic properties of (Ga,Mn)As
• Wurtzite (Ga,Mn)As nanowire shells with ferromagnetic properties
• Improved-Sensitivity Integral SQUID Magnetometry of (Ga,Mn)N Thin Films in Proximity to Mg-doped GaN
• Theory of ferromagnetism driven by superexchange in dilute magnetic semiconductors
• A Simplified Method of the Assessment of Magnetic Anisotropy of Commonly Used Sapphire Substrates in SQUID Magnetometers
• Magnetic Constitution of Topologically Trivial Thermoelectric PbTe:Cr
• Electrical characteristics of vertical-geometry Schottky junction to magnetic insulator (Ga,Mn)N heteroepitaxially grown on sapphire
• Crystal field model simulations of magnetic response of pairs, triplets and quartets of Mn${}^{3+}$ ions in GaN
• Spin orbital reorientation transitions induced by magnetic field
• Tight-binding theory of spin-spin interactions, Curie temperatures, and quantum Hall effects in topological (Hg,Cr)Te in comparison to non-topological (Zn,Cr)Te, and (Ga,Mn)N
• Introducing the step Monte Carlo method for simulating dynamic properties
• Spin Hall magnetoresistance in Pt/(Ga,Mn)N devices
• Electric field manipulation of magnetization in an insulating dilute ferromagnet through piezoelectromagnetic coupling

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Pair anisotropy in disordered magnetic systems