Can we hear beats with pulsar timing arrays?

Shun Yamamoto; Hideki Asada

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/10/058

paper

Can we hear beats with pulsar timing arrays?

arXiv:2501.13450 · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/10/058

Abstract

An isolated supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) produces an identical cross-correlation pattern of pulsar timings as an isotropic stochastic background gravitational waves (GWs) generated possibly by inflation. Can there remain the identical cross-correlation pattern in the presence of a secondary SMBHB? To address this issue, the present paper focuses on GWs with similar amplitudes but slightly different frequencies $f_{1}$ and $f_{2}$ coming from two different directions. Beats between the two GWs can modify angular correlation patterns. The beat-induced correlation patterns are not stationary but modulated with a beat frequency $f_{b e a t} \equiv ∣ f_{1} - f_{2} ∣$ . We obtain an analytic solution that allows us to infer $f_{b e a t}$ from the modulated angular correlations.

12 pages, 4 figures, discussions on two GW sources over the stochastic background and validity of the monochromatic assumption added, Figure 4 caption corrected, accepted for JCAP