Constraining self-interacting fermionic dark matter in admixed neutron stars using multimessenger astronomy

Abstract

We investigate the structure of admixed neutron stars with a regular hadronic component and a fraction of fermionic self-interacting dark matter. Using two limiting equations of state for the dense baryonic interior, constructed from piecewise generalised polytropes, and an asymmetric self-interacting fermionic dark component, we analyse different scenarios of admixed neutron stars depending on the mass of dark fermions $m_{\chi }$, interaction mediators $m_{\varphi }$, and self-interacting strengths $g$. We find that the contribution of dark matter to the masses and radii of neutron stars leads to tension with mass estimates of the pulsar J0453+1559, the least massive neutron star, and with the constraints coming from the GW170817 event. We discuss the possibilities of constraining dark matter model parameters $g$ and $y\equiv m_{\chi }/m_{\varphi }$, using current existing knowledge on neutron star estimations of mass, radius, and tidal deformability, along with the accepted cosmological dark matter freeze-out values and self-interaction cross-section to mass ratio, ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{SI}}/m_{\chi }$, fitted to explain Bullet, Abell, and dwarf galaxy cluster dynamics. By assuming the most restrictive upper limit, ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{SI}}/m_{\chi }<0.1$ cm${}^2$/g, along with dark matter freeze-out range values, the allowed $g$-$y$ region is $0.01\lesssim g\lesssim 0.1$, with $0.5\lesssim y\lesssim 200$. For the first time, the combination of updated complementary restrictions is used to set constraints on self-interacting dark matter.

arXiv comment12 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Comments are welcome

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